Table 3.
Glucose metabolism-related data, including fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c and glycated albumin at baseline and 8 weeks after placebo or piceatannol supplementation (a: men, b: women). c: change rate of fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c and glycated albumin for 8 weeks of placebo or piceatannol supplementation.
| a | Men | |||||||||||
| Non-Overweight | Overweight | |||||||||||
| Placebo (n = 5) | Piceatannol (n = 5) | Placebo (n = 5) | Piceatannol (n = 5) | |||||||||
| 0 Week | 8 Weeks | p | 0 Week | 8 Weeks | p | 0 Week | 8 Weeks | p | 0 Week | 8 Weeks | p | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 93.2 ± 5.6 | 94.0 ± 8.6 | 0.7174 | 88.4 ± 7.1 | 87.0 ± 6.0 | 0.6437 | 94.2 ± 5.2 | 97.8 ± 5.0 | 0.1561 | 91.0 ± 14.2 | 90.8 ± 8.8 | 0.9515 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | 5.2 ± 3.3 | 4.7 ± 2.1 | 0.5821 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 3.9 ± 1.0 | 0.7931 | 6.1 ± 1.0 | 7.7 ± 2.9 | 0.1918 | 8.3 ± 1.9 | 6.7 ± 1.4 | 0.0244 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.6250 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.0000 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 0.1250 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 0.0625 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.6 ± 0.2 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 0.1250 | 5.2 ± 0.2 | 5.2 ± 0.2 | 0.7500 | 5.5 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 0.2500 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6250 |
| Glycated albumin (%) | 14.2 ± 0.9 | 14.1 ± 0.9 | 0.7753 | 13.7 ± 1.1 | 13.5 ± 1.0 | 0.4113 | 12.9 ± 0.5 | 12.6 ± 0.7 | 0.1404 | 13.3 ± 1.9 | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 0.2560 |
| b | Women | |||||||||||
| Non-overweight | Overweight | |||||||||||
| Placebo (n = 5) | Piceatannol (n = 5) | Placebo (n = 4) | Piceatannol (n = 5) | |||||||||
| 0 Week | 8 Weeks | p | 0 Week | 8 Weeks | p | 0 Week | 8 Weeks | p | 0 Week | 8 Weeks | p | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 90.0 ± 6.1 | 88.6 ± 6.2 | 0.3111 | 81.6 ± 7.2 | 82.8 ± 4.3 | 0.7624 | 96.0 ± 14.2 | 95.0 ± 12.5 | 0.4740 | 88.4 ± 7.7 | 90.2 ± 6.2 | 0.4211 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | 5.1 ± 1.7 | 5.6 ± 1.2 | 0.5578 | 5.5 ± 3.1 | 5.7 ± 1.9 | 0.9017 | 7.5 ± 3.1 | 7.2 ± 3.0 | 0.8859 | 6.6 ± 2.2 | 7.4 ± 1.1 | 0.2789 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.0000 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.8750 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 0.8750 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 0.2500 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 0.1250 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 0.5000 | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 1.0000 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7500 |
| Glycated albumin (%) | 14.2 ± 1.2 | 14.2 ± 1.5 | 0.8083 | 14.4 ± 1.6 | 13.9 ± 1.4 | 0.0118 | 13.5 ± 1.2 | 13.5 ± 1.0 | 0.6714 | 13.3 ± 0.4 | 13.3 ± 0.4 | 0.9062 |
| c | Men | |||||||||||
| Non-overweight | Overweight | |||||||||||
| Placebo (n = 5) | Piceatannol (n = 5) | p | Placebo (n = 5) | Piceatannol (n = 5) | p | |||||||
| Glucose (%) | 0.8 ± 4.8 | −1.3 ± 7.2 | 0.6761 | 3.9 ± 4.9 | 0.5 ± 6.9 | 0.5309 | ||||||
| Insulin (%) | 5.7 ± 43.5 | 33.8 ± 77.6 | 0.6761 | 23.7 ± 31.8 | −18.8 ± 11.2 | 0.0216 | ||||||
| HOMA-IR (%) | 5.4 ± 47.6 | 26.7 ± 67.3 | 0.9166 | 31.4 ± 39.7 | −17.2 ± 11.5 | 0.0160 | ||||||
| HbA1c (%) | −1.8 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 4.4 | 0.2031 | −1.1 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 3.0 | 0.2017 | ||||||
| Glycated albumin (%) | −0.4 ± 3.2 | −1.6 ± 4.2 | 0.5309 | −2.5 ± 3.2 | −1.3 ± 2.3 | 0.4020 | ||||||