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. 2017 Nov 14;5:e4023. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4023

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©2017 Kenning et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

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(A) Ultimate leg of Cryptops hortensis (Scolopendromorpha). According to Verhoeff (1903), only the tarsus is devoid of intrinsic musculature. Consequently, Verhoeff proposed the podomere ‘pretibia’ between femur and tibia. (B) Ultimate leg of Geophilus carpophagus (Geophilomorpha). In this species, Verhoeff (1903) also detected intrinsic muscles in the penultimate podomere. Consequently, he proposed a ‘pretibia’ between femur and tibia. For details see discussion on modifications of ultimate leg podomeres. Abbreviations: bm, indirect muscle (Brückenmuskel); cx, coxa; fe, femur; km, muscles associated with the tendon (Krallenmuskeln); km3, tendon muscle of tibia; kmt, tendon muscle of trochanter; mf, and ms, dorsal and ventral direct muscles; pfe, prefemur; prbm, indirect muscle of prefemur and trochanter; pti, pretibia; ta, tarsus; ten, tendon; ti, tibia; tr, trochanter.