Table 2.
Echocardiographic variables per age decade
| Total population | 20–29 years | 30–39 years | 40–49 years | 50–59 years | 60–72 years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 147 | n = 32 | n = 28 | n = 28 | n = 31 | n = 28 | R | p-value | |
| 2D measurements | ||||||||
| Left ventricle | ||||||||
| EDV (ml/m2) | 62.4 ± 10.1 | 63.9 ± 9.5 | 63.1 ± 9.9 | 64.1 ± 11.0 | 60.5 ± 8.0 | 60.6 ± 12.2 | ns | 0.061 |
| ESV (ml/m2) | 24.9 ± 5.8 | 25.4 ± 5.1 | 24.7 ± 6.2 | 26.3 ± 5.5 | 23.2 ± 5.1 | 25.0 ± 6.9 | ns | 0.349 |
| EF (%) | 60.4 ± 4.7 | 60.4 ± 3.6 | 61.4 ± 5.0 | 59.2 ± 4.5 | 61.9 ± 5.3 | 59.2 ± 4.5 | ns | 0.596 |
| EDD (mm) | 46 ± 4 | 46 ± 3 | 47 ± 3 | 45 ± 4 | 45 ± 5 | 44 ± 5 | 0.248 | 0.003 |
| ESD (mm) | 28 ± 4 | 29 ± 3 | 28 ± 3 | 28 ± 5 | 28 ± 4 | 28 ± 6 | ns | 0.566 |
| Right ventricle | ||||||||
| EDA (cm2/m2) | 13.2 ± 2.3 | 14.2 ± 2.3 | 13.5 ± 2.5 | 12.9 ± 1.8 | 12.3 ± 2.0 | 12.6 ± 2.4 | 0.275 | 0.001 |
| ESA (cm2/m2) | 7.7 ± 1.7 | 8.3 ± 1.6 | 7.7 ± 1.7 | 7.4 ± 1.6 | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 7.2 ± 2.0 | 0.219 | 0.014 |
| FAC (%) | 42.8 ± 7.3 | 41.2 ± 6.6 | 43.6 ± 6.2 | 42.6 ± 8.5 | 42.6 ± 8.7 | 44.5 ± 7.2 | ns | 0.198 |
| D1 (mm) | 39 ± 5 | 39 ± 5 | 38 ± 5 | 39 ± 6 | 38 ± 4 | 40 ± 6 | ns | 0.804 |
| D2 (mm) | 29 ± 5 | 30 ± 6 | 28 ± 4 | 31 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 | 30 ± 6 | ns | 0.795 |
| RVOT proximal PLAX (mm) | 32 ± 4 | 30 ± 4 | 30 ± 4 | 31 ± 4 | 33 ± 5 | 34 ± 4 | 0.355 | <0.001 |
| RVOT proximal SAX (mm) | 31 ± 4 | 31 ± 4 | 30 ± 4 | 32 ± 4 | 32 ± 5 | 31 ± 3 | 0.174 | 0.047 |
| RVOT distal SAX (mm) | 22 ± 3 | 22 ± 2 | 23 ± 2 | 21 ± 3 | 23 ± 2 | 23 ± 3 | ns | 0.326 |
| Longitudinal diameter (mm) | 82 ± 8 | 84 ± 7 | 86 ± 8 | 81 ± 8 | 81 ± 7 | 79 ± 7 | 0.181 | 0.029 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 27 ± 3 | 25 ± 4 | 26 ± 3 | 26 ± 4 | ns | 0.267 |
| Left atrium | ||||||||
| Length A4C (mm) | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 0.7 | ns | 0.064 |
| Area A4C (cm2) | 17.3 ± 3.2 | 16.6 ± 2.4 | 17.2 ± 3.0 | 17.1 ± 3.8 | 17.8 ± 2.4 | 17.8 ± 4.0 | ns | 0.134 |
| Max volume (ml/m2) | 28.8 ± 7.2 | 27.8 ± 5.7 | 28.1 ± 6.6 | 29.0 ± 9.2 | 29.4 ± 5.5 | 30.0 ± 9.1 | ns | 0.170 |
| Right atrium | ||||||||
| Length (cm/m2) | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | ns | 0.089 |
| Area (cm/m2) | 8.9 ± 1.5 | 8.8 ± 1.3 | 9.3 ± 1.5 | 8.5 ± 1.4 | 8.6 ± 1.7 | 9.2 ± 1.2 | ns | 0.866 |
| Max volume (ml/m2) | 24.5 ± 7.0 | 24.4 ± 6.0 | 26.7 ± 8.4 | 23.3 ± 6.5 | 23.2 ± 7.9 | 24.8 ± 5.7 | ns | 0.343 |
| 3D measurements | ||||||||
| Left ventricle | ||||||||
| EDV (ml/m2) | 77.5 ± 12.3 | 81.2 ± 12.1 | 77.1 ± 8.9 | 77.2 ± 10.7 | 75.6 ± 8.9 | 75.1 ± 18.9 | ns | 0.054 |
| ESV (ml/m2) | 33.9 ± 6.2 | 34.9 ± 6.2 | 32.9 ± 4.9 | 34.0 ± 5.2 | 33.4 ± 5.8 | 33.9 ± 8.8 | ns | 0.603 |
| EF (%) | 56.3 ± 3.7 | 57.0 ± 3.6 | 57.4 ± 3.1 | 55.9 ± 4.1 | 56.0 ± 4.3 | 54.8 ± 2.9 | −0.229 | 0.012 |
| Right ventricle | ||||||||
| EDV (ml/m2) | 57.7 ± 11.9 | 58.2 ± 14.3 | 54.9 ± 7.0 | 56.4 ± 12.1 | 58.5 ± 10.2 | 61.5 ± 15.0 | ns | 0.403 |
| ESV (ml/m2) | 24.3 ± 5.8 | 23.7 ± 6.8 | 22.7 ± 4.4 | 24.2 ± 6.0 | 24.3 ± 4.8 | 27.5 ± 6.5 | ns | 0.054 |
| EF (%) | 58.0 ± 4.2 | 59.1 ± 3.7 | 59.0 ± 4.3 | 57.3 ± 4.7 | 58.7 ± 4.1 | 54.9 ± 3.1 | −0.298 | 0.003 |
EDV end-diastolic volume, ESV end-systolic volume, EF ejection fraction, EDD end-diastolic diameter, ESD end-systolic diameter, EDA end-diastolic area, ESA end-systolic area, FAC fractional area change, RVOT right ventricular outflow tract, SAX short-axis view, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.