Table 3.
Echocardiographic variables per gender
| Total population | Male | Female | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 147 | n = 73 | n = 74 | p-value | |
| 2D measurements | ||||
| Left ventricle | ||||
| 2D EDV (ml/m2) | 62.4 ± 10.1 | 66.5 ± 9.3 | 58.6 ± 9.4 | <0.001 |
| 2D ESV (ml/m2) | 24.9 ± 5.8 | 27.2 ± 5.3 | 22.7 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
| 2D EF (%) | 60.4 ± 4.7 | 59.2 ± 4.3 | 61.6 ± 4.8 | 0.002 |
| EDD (mm) | 46 ± 4 | 47 ± 4 | 45 ± 4 | 0.002 |
| ESD (mm) | 28 ± 4 | 29 ± 5 | 28 ± 4 | 0.026 |
| Right ventricle | ||||
| EDA (cm2/m2) | 13.2 ± 2.3 | 13.9 ± 2.2 | 12.5 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| ESA (cm2/m2) | 7.7 ± 1.7 | 8.2 ± 1.8 | 7.1 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| FAC (%) | 42.8 ± 7.3 | 41.4 ± 7.7 | 44.0 ± 6.8 | 0.048 |
| D1 (mm) | 39 ± 5 | 41 ± 5 | 37 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| D2 (mm) | 29 ± 5 | 32 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | <0.001 |
| RVOT proximal PLAX (mm) | 32 ± 4 | 33 ± 5 | 31 ± 4 | 0.037 |
| RVOT proximal SAX (mm) | 31 ± 4 | 32 ± 4 | 31 ± 4 | 0.013 |
| RVOT distal SAX (mm) | 22 ± 3 | 23 ± 3 | 22 ± 3 | 0.15 |
| Longitudinal diameter (mm) | 82 ± 8 | 85 ± 7 | 80 ± 7 | 0.014 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 26 ± 4 | 0.344 |
| Left atrium | ||||
| Length A4C (mm) | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 0.019 |
| Area A4C (cm2) | 17.3 ± 3.2 | 17.8 ± 3.4 | 16.9 ± 2.8 | 0.086 |
| Biplane max volume (ml/m2) | 28.8 ± 7.2 | 27.9 ± 7.5 | 29.8 ± 6.9 | 0.135 |
| Right atrium | ||||
| Length (cm/m2) | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Area (cm/m2) | 8.9 ± 1.5 | 8.9 ± 1.6 | 8.8 ± 1.3 | 0.626 |
| Single plane MOD max volume (ml/m2) | 24.5 ± 7.0 | 25.8 ± 8.1 | 23.3 ± 5.7 | 0.038 |
| 3D measurements | ||||
| Left ventricle | ||||
| 3D EDV (ml/m2) | 77.5 ± 12.3 | 80.7 ± 13.6 | 74.2 ± 9.9 | 0.003 |
| 3D ESV (ml/m2) | 33.9 ± 6.2 | 35.9 ± 6.7 | 31.8 ± 5.0 | <0.001 |
| 3D EF (%) | 56.3 ± 3.7 | 55.5 ± 3.3 | 57.1 ± 3.9 | 0.017 |
| Right ventricle | ||||
| 3D EDV (ml/m2) | 57.7 ± 11.9 | 61.3 ± 12.3 | 54.0 ± 10.4 | 0.002 |
| 3D ESV (ml/m2) | 24.3 ± 5.8 | 26.0 ± 6.2 | 22.5 ± 4.9 | 0.003 |
| 3D EF (%) | 58.0 ± 4.2 | 57.5 ± 4.1 | 58.4 ± 4.3 | 0.315 |
EDV end-diastolic volume, EF ejection fraction, EDD end-diastolic diameter, ESD end-systolic diameter, EDA end-diastolic area, ESA end-systolic area, FAC fractional area change, RVOT right ventricular outflow tract, PLAX parasternal long-axis, SAX short-axis, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion