Table 1.
Characteristics of 331 consecutive patients <75 years of age with symptomatic PAD according to survival status at 10 years.
| Variables | Non-diabetic PAD patients <75 years of age (n = 216) |
Diabetic PAD patients <75 years of age (n = 115) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survivors (n = 153) | Decedents (n = 63) | p valuea | Survivors (n = 48) | Decedents (n = 67) | p valuea | |
| Demographics and comorbidities | ||||||
| Patient age (years) | 62 (55–69) | 69 (60–71) | p = 0.001 | 61 (57–66) | 67 (60–72) | p = 0.002 |
| Patient age ≥ 65 years | 62 (41%) | 40 (64%) | p = 0.002 | 17 (35%) | 40 (60%) | p = 0.010 |
| Male gender | 116 (76%) | 54 (86%) | p = 0.106 | 34 (71%) | 53 (79%) | p = 0.308 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26 (24–28) | 25 (23–29) | p = 0.192 | 28 (26–30) | 27 (24–30) | p = 0.251 |
| Arterial hypertension | 64 (42%) | 32 (51%) | p = 0.228 | 28 (58%) | 55 (82%) | p = 0.005 |
| Cardiovascular comorbidityb | 42 (28%) | 28 (44%) | p = 0.015 | 21 (44%) | 40 (60%) | p = 0.091 |
| Symptomatic heart failure | 2 (1%) | 3 (5%) | p = 0.125 | 2 (4%) | 5 (7%) | p = 0.466 |
| Current smokingc | 88 (58%) | 34 (54%) | p = 0.633 | 19 (40%) | 31 (46%) | p = 0.476 |
| PAD-relevant data at the time of enrolment in the LIPAD study | ||||||
| Critical limb ischaemia | 10 (7%) | 10 (16%) | p = 0.031 | 10 (21%) | 27 (40%) | p = 0.028 |
| ABI (mmHg/mmHg) | 0.67 (0.53–0.81) | 0.56 (0.46–0.67) | p = 0.002 | 0.70 (0.53–0.89) | 0.63 (0.54–0.76) | p = 0.210 |
| ABI <0.60 mmHg/mmHg | 54 (35%) | 34 (54%) | p = 0.011 | 15 (31%) | 26 (39%) | p = 0.404 |
| Duration of symptomatic PAD (years) | 2.2 (1.1–4.8) | 3.1 (1.2–9.3) | p = 0.131 | 2.9 (1.3–8.5) | 3.6 (1.7–6.9) | p = 0.616 |
| History of PAD-specific interventiond | 50 (33%) | 32 (51%) | p = 0.013 | 21 (44%) | 33 (49%) | p = 0.560 |
| Biochemical parameters at the time of enrolment in the LIPAD study | ||||||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 79 (70–91) | 78 (65–88) | p = 0.116 | 80 (65–93) | 71 (57–83) | p = 0.038 |
| eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 13 (9%) | 12 (19%) | p = 0.028 | 8 (17%) | 23 (34%) | p = 0.035 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 156 (134–185) | 155 (125–183) | p = 0.390 | 143 (107–173) | 131 (101–168) | p = 0.452 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50 (41–60) | 49 (36–57) | p = 0.286 | 40 (33–56) | 41 (35–52) | p = 0.796 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 146 (97–206) | 132 (108–215) | p = 0.609 | 165 (118–247) | 133 (111–190) | p = 0.126 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 96 (91–105) | 94 (85–104) | p = 0.054 | 171 (138–206) | 170 (129–206) | p = 0.746 |
| Glycohaemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.8 (5.5–6.2) | 5.8 (5.5–6.1) | p = 0.470 | 8.0 (7.1–9.4) | 7.9 (7.0–9.2) | p = 0.507 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 3.7 (1.6–6.5) | 5.7 (2.7–17.2) | p = 0.001 | 4.4 (1.8–8.1) | 6.9 (1.9–24.1) | p = 0.126 |
| hs-CRP ≥ 5.0 mg/L | 55 (36%) | 36 (57%) | p = 0.004 | 20 (42%) | 36 (54%) | p = 0.202 |
| NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 97 (38–219) | 170 (65–592) | p = 0.007 | 95 (43–288) | 521 (93–1128) | p < 0.001 |
| NT-proBNP ≥ 125 ng/L | 62 (41%) | 35 (56%) | p = 0.043 | 21 (44%) | 48 (72%) | p = 0.003 |
| Mortality data | ||||||
| All-cause mortality at 10 years | 0 (0%) | 63 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 67 (100%) | ||
| Cardiovascular mortality at 10 years | 31 (49%) | 36 (54%) | ||||
| Cancer mortality at 10 years | 15 (24%) | 7 (10%) | ||||
| Other mortality at 10 years | 17 (27%) | 24 (36%) | ||||
PAD: peripheral arterial disease; LIPAD: Linz Peripheral Arterial Disease; ABI: resting ankle brachial index; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; NT-proBNP: amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.
Data are presented as numbers (and percentages) or medians (with 25th–75th percentiles).
Differences in variables in the survivors versus the decedents were calculated with the chi-square test or Mann–Whitney U-test as appropriate (p values were not corrected for multiple comparisons and are therefore only descriptive).
Cardiovascular comorbidity was defined as having coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease or both.
Current smoking was defined as any amount of tobacco use, including less than 1 year of abstinence.
History of a PAD-specific intervention before the index hospitalization was defined as at least one of the following: vascular surgery, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stenting, or amputation.