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. 2017 Nov 13;5:2050312117740988. doi: 10.1177/2050312117740988

Table 2.

Cox proportional hazards regression analyses of the capability of the study variables to predict 10-year all-cause mortality in PAD patients <75 years of age according to diabetes mellitus status.

Predictor variables Non-diabetic PAD patients <75 years of age
 Diabetic PAD patients <75 years of age
N = 216 (153 survivors vs 63 decedents)
 N = 115 (48 survivors vs 67 decedents)
Univariate analyses
 Multivariate analysisa
 Univariate analyses
 Multivariate analysisa
Risk ratios (95% CI); p value Risk ratios (95% CI); p value Risk ratios (95% CI); p value Risk ratios (95% CI); p value
Patient age ≥65 years (vs <65 years) 2.17 (1.30–3.63); p = 0.003 2.15 (1.28–3.59); p = 0.004 1.94 (1.19–3.17); p = 0.008 1.72 (1.05–2.83); p = 0.031
Arterial hypertension (vs not) 1.31 (0.80–2.15); p = 0.278 n.e. 2.25 (1.20–4.21); p = 0.011 n.e.
Cardiovascular comorbidityb (vs not) 1.90 (1.15–3.12); p = 0.012 n.e. 1.66 (1.02–2.71); p = 0.042 n.e.
Critical limb ischaemia (vs claudication) 2.29 (1.16–4.50); p = 0.016 n.e. 1.93 (1.18–3.15); p = 0.009 n.e.
ABI <0.60 mmHg/mmHg (vs ≥0.60 mmHg/mmHg) 1.98 (1.21–3.25); p = 0.007 1.88 (1.14–3.08); p = 0.013 1.24 (0.76–2.02); p = 0.401 n.e.
History of PAD-specific interventionc (vs not) 1.87 (1.14–3.07); p = 0.013 1.81 (1.10–2.97); p = 0.019 1.18 (0.73–1.91); p = 0.496 n.e.
eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (vs ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2) 1.90 (1.01–3.56); p = 0.046 n.e. 1.84 (1.11–3.06); p = 0.018 n.e.
hs-CRP ≥ 5.0 mg/L (vs <5.0 mg/L) 2.06 (1.25–3.39); p = 0.005 2.11 (1.28–3.47); p = 0.003 1.37 (0.85–2.21); p = 0.200 n.e.
NT-proBNP ≥ 125 ng/L (vs <125 ng/L) 1.71 (1.04–2.81); p = 0.035 n.e. 2.30 (1.35–3.92); p = 0.002 2.10 (1.22–3.60); p = 0.007

PAD: peripheral arterial disease; ABI: ankle brachial index; CI: confidence interval; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; n.e.: not entered into the model (i.e. stepwise entry limit of p < 0.05 was exceeded for each of these variables); NT-proBNP: amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.

a

Multivariate risk ratios were calculated with the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using a conditional stepwise forward approach with all independent variables listed in Table 2. These variables were entered sequentially into the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using a stepwise entry limit of p < 0.05.

b

Cardiovascular comorbidity was defined as having coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, or both.

c

History of PAD-specific intervention before the index hospitalization was defined as at least one of the following: vascular surgery, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stenting, or amputation.