Table 4.
Five-Year Total, Annual Average Totala, and Annual Average Age-Adjusted Incidence Ratesb for Children and Adolescents (Age 0-19 Years), Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors by Major Histology Grouping, Histology, and Age at Diagnosis, CBTRUS Statistical Report: NPCR and SEER, 2010-2014
| Histology | Age At Diagnosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 Years | 0-19 Years | 0-4 Years | 5-9 Years | 10-14 Years | 15-19 Years | |||||||||||||||||||
| Five-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate | 95% CI | Five-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate | 95% CI | Five-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate | 95% CI | Five-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate | 95% CI | Five-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate | 95% CI | Five-Year Total | Annual Average | Rate | 95% CI | |
| Tumors of Neuroepithelial Tissue | 12,475 | 2,495 | 4.08 | 4.01-4.15 | 15,556 | 3,111 | 3.78 | 3.72-3.84 | 4,915 | 983 | 4.92 | 4.79-5.06 | 3,976 | 795 | 3.89 | 3.77-4.01 | 3,584 | 717 | 3.47 | 3.36-3.59 | 3,081 | 616 | 2.88 | 2.78-2.98 |
| Pilocytic astrocytoma | 3,085 | 617 | 1.01 | 0.97-1.04 | 3,751 | 750 | 0.91 | 0.88-0.94 | 1,087 | 217 | 1.09 | 1.02-1.15 | 1,052 | 210 | 1.03 | 0.97-1.09 | 946 | 189 | 0.91 | 0.86-0.98 | 666 | 133 | 0.62 | 0.58-0.67 |
| Diffuse astrocytoma | 768 | 154 | 0.25 | 0.23-0.27 | 1,062 | 212 | 0.26 | 0.24-0.27 | 284 | 57 | 0.28 | 0.25-0.32 | 224 | 45 | 0.22 | 0.19-0.25 | 260 | 52 | 0.25 | 0.22-0.28 | 294 | 59 | 0.27 | 0.24-0.31 |
| Anaplastic astrocytoma | 294 | 59 | 0.10 | 0.09-0.11 | 409 | 82 | 0.10 | 0.09-0.11 | 75 | 15 | 0.08 | 0.06-0.09 | 108 | 22 | 0.11 | 0.09-0.13 | 111 | 22 | 0.11 | 0.09-0.13 | 115 | 23 | 0.11 | 0.09-0.13 |
| Unique astrocytoma variants | 359 | 72 | 0.12 | 0.11-0.13 | 468 | 94 | 0.11 | 0.1-0.12 | 101 | 20 | 0.10 | 0.08-0.12 | 123 | 25 | 0.12 | 0.10-0.14 | 135 | 27 | 0.13 | 0.11-0.15 | 109 | 22 | 0.10 | 0.08-0.12 |
| Malignant | 146 | 29 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.06 | 218 | 44 | 0.05 | 0.05-0.06 | 21 | 4 | 0.92 | 0.01-0.03 | 51 | 10 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.07 | 74 | 15 | 0.07 | 0.06-0.09 | 72 | 14 | 0.07 | 0.05-0.08 |
| Non-Malignant | 213 | 43 | 0.07 | 0.06-0.08 | 250 | 50 | 0.06 | 0.05-0.07 | 80 | 16 | 0.08 | 0.06-0.10 | 72 | 14 | 0.07 | 0.06-0.09 | 61 | 12 | 0.06 | 0.05-0.08 | 37 | 7 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.05 |
| Glioblastoma | 481 | 96 | 0.16 | 0.14-0.17 | 721 | 144 | 0.17 | 0.16-0.19 | 119 | 24 | 0.12 | 0.10-0.14 | 174 | 35 | 0.17 | 0.15-0.20 | 188 | 38 | 0.18 | 0.16-0.21 | 240 | 48 | 0.22 | 0.20-0.25 |
| Oligodendroglioma | 110 | 22 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.04 | 199 | 40 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.06 | 18 | 4 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.03 | 40 | 8 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.20 | 52 | 10 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.07 | 89 | 18 | 0.08 | 0.07-0.10 |
| Anaplastic oligodendroglioma | -- | -- | -- | -- | 29 | 6 | 0.01 | 0.00-0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 19 | 4 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.03 |
| Oligoastrocytic tumors | 62 | 12 | 0.02 | 0.02-0.03 | 123 | 25 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.04 | 16 | 3 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.03 | 20 | 4 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.03 | 26 | 5 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.04 | 61 | 12 | 0.06 | 0.04-0.07 |
| Ependymal tumors | 978 | 196 | 0.32 | 0.03-0.34 | 1,226 | 245 | 0.30 | 0.28-0.31 | 495 | 99 | 0.50 | 0.45-0.54 | 245 | 49 | 0.24 | 0.21-0.27 | 238 | 48 | 0.23 | 0.20-0.26 | 248 | 50 | 0.23 | 0.20-0.26 |
| Malignant | 867 | 173 | 0.28 | 0.26-0.30 | 1,023 | 205 | 0.25 | 0.23-0.26 | 476 | 95 | 0.48 | 0.43-0.52 | 221 | 44 | 0.22 | 0.19-0.25 | 170 | 34 | 0.16 | 0.14-0.19 | 156 | 31 | 0.15 | 0.12-0.17 |
| Non-Malignant | 111 | 22 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.04 | 203 | 41 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.06 | 19 | 4 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.03 | 24 | 5 | 0.02 | 0.02-0.03 | 68 | 14 | 0.06 | 0.05-0.08 | 92 | 18 | 0.09 | 0.07-0.11 |
| Glioma malignant, NOS | 2,355 | 471 | 0.77 | 0.74-0.80 | 2,724 | 545 | 0.66 | 0.64-0.69 | 923 | 185 | 0.92 | 0.86-0.98 | 865 | 173 | 0.84 | 0.79-0.90 | 567 | 113 | 0.55 | 0.51-0.60 | 369 | 74 | 0.35 | 0.31-0.38 |
| Choroid plexus tumors | 354 | 71 | 0.12 | 0.10-0.13 | 403 | 81 | 0.10 | 0.09-0.11 | 249 | 50 | 0.25 | 0.22-0.28 | 51 | 10 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.07 | 54 | 11 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.07 | 49 | 10 | 0.05 | 0.03-0.06 |
| Malignant | 99 | 20 | 0.03 | 0.03-0.04 | 102 | 20 | 0.02 | 0.02-0.03 | 84 | 17 | 0.08 | 0.07-0.10 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | 255 | 51 | 0.08 | 0.07-0.09 | 301 | 60 | 0.07 | 0.06-0.08 | 165 | 33 | 0.17 | 0.14-0.19 | 43 | 9 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.06 | 47 | 9 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.06 | 46 | 9 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.06 |
| Other neuroepithelial tumors | 24 | 5 | 0.01 | 0.01-0.01 | 30 | 6 | 0.01 | 0.00-0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Malignant | 21 | 4 | 0.01 | 0.00-0.01 | 25 | 5 | 0.01 | 0.00-0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors | 1,153 | 231 | 0.38 | 0.36-0.40 | 1,687 | 337 | 0.41 | 0.39-0.43 | 291 | 58 | 0.29 | 0.26-0.33 | 334 | 67 | 0.33 | 0.29-0.36 | 528 | 106 | 0.51 | 0.47-0.55 | 534 | 107 | 0.50 | 0.46-0.54 |
| Malignant | 61 | 12 | 0.02 | 0.02-0.03 | 90 | 18 | 0.02 | 0.02-0.03 | 22 | 4 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.03 | 18 | 4 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.03 | 21 | 4 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.03 | 29 | 6 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.04 |
| Non-Malignant | 1,092 | 218 | 0.36 | 0.34-0.38 | 1,597 | 319 | 0.39 | 0.37-0.41 | 269 | 54 | 0.27 | 0.24-0.30 | 316 | 63 | 0.31 | 0.28-0.35 | 507 | 101 | 0.49 | 0.45-0.53 | 505 | 101 | 0.47 | 0.43-0.52 |
| Tumors of the pineal region | 151 | 30 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.05 | 197 | 39 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.06 | 62 | 12 | 0.06 | 0.05-0.08 | 42 | 8 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.06 | 47 | 9 | 0.05 | 0.03-0.06 | 46 | 9 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.06 |
| Malignant | 130 | 26 | 0.04 | 0.04-0.05 | 157 | 31 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.04 | 54 | 11 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.07 | 37 | 7 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.05 | 39 | 8 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.05 | 27 | 5 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.04 |
| Non-Malignant | 21 | 4 | 0.01 | 0.00-0.01 | 40 | 8 | 0.01 | 0.01-0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 19 | 4 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.03 |
| Embryonal tumors | 2,291 | 458 | 0.75 | 0.72-0.78 | 2,527 | 505 | 0.62 | 0.59-0.64 | 1,182 | 236 | 1.18 | 1.12-1.25 | 689 | 138 | 0.67 | 0.62-0.72 | 420 | 84 | 0.41 | 0.37-0.45 | 236 | 47 | 0.22 | 0.19-0.25 |
| Medulloblastoma c | 1,444 | 289 | 0.47 | 0.45-0.50 | 1,611 | 322 | 0.39 | 0.37-0.41 | 528 | 106 | 0.53 | 0.48-0.58 | 573 | 115 | 0.56 | 0.51-0.61 | 343 | 69 | 0.33 | 0.30-0.37 | 167 | 33 | 0.16 | 0.13-0.18 |
| Primitive neuroectodermal tumor d | 279 | 56 | 0.09 | 0.08-0.10 | 319 | 64 | 0.08 | 0.07-0.09 | 176 | 35 | 0.18 | 0.15-0.20 | 60 | 12 | 0.06 | 0.04-0.08 | 43 | 9 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.06 | 40 | 8 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.05 |
| Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor e | 368 | 74 | 0.12 | 0.11-0.13 | 375 | 75 | 0.09 | 0.08-0.10 | 324 | 65 | 0.33 | 0.29-0.36 | 30 | 6 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.04 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Other embryonal histologies f | 200 | 40 | 0.07 | 0.06-0.07 | 222 | 44 | 0.05 | 0.05-0.06 | 154 | 31 | 0.15 | 0.13-0.18 | 26 | 5 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.04 | 20 | 4 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.03 | 22 | 4 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.03 |
| Tumors of Cranial and Spinal Nerves | 804 | 161 | 0.26 | 0.25-0.28 | 1,202 | 240 | 0.29 | 0.27-0.31 | 262 | 52 | 0.26 | 0.23-0.30 | 252 | 50 | 0.25 | 0.22-0.28 | 290 | 58 | 0.28 | 0.25-0.31 | 398 | 80 | 0.37 | 0.34-0.41 |
| Nerve sheath tumors | 804 | 161 | 0.26 | 0.25-0.28 | 1,199 | 240 | 0.29 | 0.27-0.31 | 262 | 52 | 0.26 | 0.23-0.30 | 252 | 50 | 0.25 | 0.22-0.28 | 290 | 58 | 0.28 | 0.25-0.31 | 395 | 79 | 0.37 | 0.33-0.41 |
| Malignant | 18 | 4 | 0.01 | 0.00-0.01 | 24 | 5 | 0.01 | 0.00-0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | 786 | 157 | 0.26 | 0.24-0.28 | 1,175 | 235 | 0.28 | 0.27-0.30 | 256 | 51 | 0.26 | 0.23-0.29 | 246 | 49 | 0.24 | 0.21-0.27 | 284 | 57 | 0.27 | 0.24-0.31 | 389 | 78 | 0.36 | 0.33-0.40 |
| Other tumors of cranial and spinal nerves | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Tumors of Meninges | 509 | 102 | 0.17 | 0.15-0.18 | 1,054 | 211 | 0.25 | 0.24-0.27 | 153 | 31 | 0.15 | 0.13-0.18 | 119 | 24 | 0.12 | 0.10-0.14 | 237 | 47 | 0.23 | 0.20-0.26 | 545 | 109 | 0.51 | 0.47-0.55 |
| Meningioma | 268 | 54 | 0.09 | 0.08-1.00 | 632 | 126 | 0.15 | 0.14-0.16 | 61 | 12 | 0.06 | 0.05-0.08 | 63 | 13 | 0.06 | 0.05-0.08 | 144 | 29 | 0.14 | 0.12-0.16 | 364 | 73 | 0.34 | 0.30-0.38 |
| Malignant | 18 | 4 | 0.01 | 0.00-0.01 | 32 | 6 | 0.01 | 0.01-0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | 250 | 50 | 0.08 | 0.07-0.09 | 600 | 120 | 0.14 | 0.13-0.16 | 57 | 11 | 0.06 | 0.04-0.07 | 58 | 12 | 0.06 | 0.04-0.07 | 135 | 27 | 0.13 | 0.11-0.15 | 350 | 70 | 0.33 | 0.29-0.36 |
| Mesenchymal tumors | 168 | 34 | 0.05 | 0.05-0.06 | 217 | 43 | 0.05 | 0.05-0.06 | 84 | 17 | 0.08 | 0.07-0.10 | 47 | 9 | 0.05 | 0.03-0.06 | 37 | 7 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.05 | 49 | 10 | 0.05 | 0.03-0.06 |
| Primary melanocytic lesions | -- | -- | -- | -- | 9 | 2 | 0.00 | 0.00-0.00 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Other neoplasms related to the meninges | 67 | 13 | 0.02 | 0.02-0.03 | 196 | 39 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.05 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 54 | 11 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.07 | 129 | 26 | 0.12 | 0.10-0.14 |
| Lymphomas and Hematopoietic Neoplasms | 80 | 16 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.03 | 122 | 24 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.04 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 34 | 7 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.05 | 32 | 6 | 0.03 | 0.01-0.03 | 42 | 8 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.05 |
| Lymphoma | 26 | 5 | 0.01 | 0.01-0.01 | 55 | 11 | 0.01 | 0.01-0.02 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 29 | 6 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.04 |
| Other hematopoietic neoplasms | 54 | 11 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.02 | 67 | 13 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.02 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 26 | 5 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.04 | 17 | 3 | 0.02 | 0.01-0.03 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Germ Cell Tumors and Cysts | 645 | 129 | 0.21 | 0.20-0.23 | 922 | 184 | 0.22 | 0.21-0.24 | 163 | 33 | 0.16 | 0.14-0.19 | 167 | 33 | 0.17 | 0.14-0.19 | 315 | 63 | 0.31 | 0.27-0.34 | 277 | 55 | 0.26 | 0.23-0.29 |
| Germ cell tumors, cysts and heterotopias | 645 | 129 | 0.21 | 0.20-0.23 | 922 | 184 | 0.22 | 0.21-0.24 | 163 | 33 | 0.16 | 0.14-0.19 | 167 | 33 | 0.17 | 0.14-0.19 | 315 | 63 | 0.31 | 0.27-0.34 | 277 | 55 | 0.26 | 0.23-0.29 |
| Malignant | 476 | 95 | 0.16 | 0.14-0.17 | 722 | 144 | 0.18 | 0.16-0.19 | 63 | 13 | 0.06 | 0.05-0.08 | 128 | 26 | 0.13 | 0.11-0.15 | 285 | 57 | 0.28 | 0.24-0.31 | 246 | 49 | 0.23 | 0.20-0.26 |
| Non-Malignant | 169 | 34 | 0.06 | 0.05-0.06 | 200 | 40 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.06 | 100 | 20 | 0.10 | 0.08-0.12 | 39 | 8 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.05 | 30 | 6 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.04 | 31 | 6 | 0.03 | 0.02-0.04 |
| Tumors of Sellar Region | 1,466 | 293 | 0.28 | 0.46-0.51 | 3,678 | 736 | 0.88 | 0.85-0.91 | 173 | 35 | 0.17 | 0.15-0.20 | 511 | 102 | 0.50 | 0.46-0.55 | 782 | 156 | 0.75 | 0.70-0.81 | 2,212 | 442 | 2.06 | 1.98-2.15 |
| Tumors of the pituitary | 799 | 160 | 0.26 | 0.24-0.28 | 2,841 | 568 | 0.67 | 0.65-0.70 | 38 | 8 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.05 | 193 | 39 | 0.19 | 0.16-0.22 | 568 | 114 | 0.54 | 0.50-0.90 | 2,042 | 408 | 1.90 | 1.82-1.99 |
| Malignant | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Non-Malignant | 798 | 160 | 0.26 | 0.24-0.28 | 2,837 | 567 | 0.67 | 0.65-0.70 | 38 | 8 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.05 | 193 | 39 | 0.19 | 0.16-0.22 | 567 | 113 | 0.54 | 0.50-0.59 | 2,039 | 408 | 1.90 | 1.82-1.99 |
| Craniopharyngioma | 667 | 133 | 0.22 | 0.20-0.24 | 837 | 167 | 0.20 | 0.19-0.22 | 135 | 27 | 0.13 | 0.11-0.16 | 318 | 64 | 0.31 | 0.28-0.35 | 214 | 43 | 0.21 | 0.18-0.24 | 70 | 14 | 0.16 | 0.14-0.19 |
| Unclassified Tumors | 962 | 192 | 0.32 | 0.30-0.34 | 1,468 | 294 | 0.35 | 0.34-0.37 | 331 | 66 | 0.33 | 0.30-0.37 | 247 | 49 | 0.24 | 0.21-0.27 | 384 | 77 | 0.37 | 0.33-0.41 | 506 | 101 | 0.47 | 0.43-0.52 |
| Hemangioma | 329 | 66 | 0.11 | 0.10-0.12 | 551 | 110 | 0.13 | 0.12-0.14 | 128 | 26 | 0.13 | 0.11-0.15 | 73 | 15 | 0.07 | 0.06-0.09 | 128 | 26 | 0.12 | 0.10-0.15 | 222 | 44 | 0.21 | 0.18-0.24 |
| Neoplasm, unspecified | 613 | 123 | 0.20 | 0.19-0.22 | 893 | 179 | 0.22 | 0.20-0.23 | 196 | 39 | 0.20 | 0.17-0.23 | 169 | 34 | 0.17 | 0.14-0.19 | 248 | 50 | 0.24 | 0.21-0.27 | 280 | 56 | 0.26 | 0.23-0.29 |
| Malignant | 164 | 33 | 0.05 | 0.05-0.06 | 204 | 41 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.06 | 65 | 13 | 0.07 | 0.05-0.08 | 47 | 9 | 0.05 | 0.03-0.06 | 52 | 10 | 0.05 | 0.04-0.07 | 40 | 8 | 0.04 | 0.03-0.05 |
| Non-Malignant | 449 | 90 | 0.15 | 0.13-0.16 | 689 | 138 | 0.17 | 0.15-0.18 | 131 | 26 | 0.13 | 0.11-0.16 | 122 | 24 | 0.12 | 0.10-0.14 | 196 | 39 | 0.19 | 0.16-0.22 | 240 | 48 | 0.22 | 0.20-0.25 |
| All other | 20 | 4 | 0.01 | 0.00-0.01 | 24 | 5 | 0.01 | 0.00-0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| TOTAL g | 16,941 | 3,388 | 5.54 | 5.46-5.63 | 24,002 | 4,800 | 5.81 | 5.73-5.88 | 6,011 | 1,202 | 6.02 | 5.87-6.18 | 5,306 | 1,061 | 5.19 | 5.05-5.33 | 5,624 | 1,125 | 5.44 | 5.30-5.80 | 7,061 | 1,412 | 6.59 | 6.44-6.75 |
| Malignant | 11,589 | 2,318 | 3.79 | 3.72-3.84 | 14,337 | 2,867 | 3.48 | 3.43-3.54 | 4,548 | 910 | 4.55 | 4.42-4.69 | 3,747 | 749 | 3.66 | 3.55-3.78 | 3,294 | 659 | 3.19 | 3.09-3.30 | 2,748 | 550 | 2.57 | 2.47-2.67 |
| Non-Malignant | 5,352 | 1,070 | 1.75 | 1.71-3.86 | 9,665 | 1,933 | 2.32 | 2.28-2.37 | 1,463 | 293 | 1.47 | 1.39-1.55 | 1,559 | 312 | 1.53 | 1.45-1.61 | 2,330 | 466 | 2.24 | 2.15-2.34 | 4,313 | 863 | 4.02 | 3.90-4.15 |
aAnnual average cases are calculated by dividing the five year total by five.
bRates are per 100,000 and are age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.
cICD-O-3 histology codes: 9470/3, 9471/3, 9472/3, 9474/3.
dICD-O-3 histology code: 9473/3.
eICD-O-3 histology code: 9508/3.
fICD-O-3 histology codes: 8963/3, 9364/3, 9480/3, 9490/0, 9490/3, 9500/3, 9501/3, 9502/3.
gRefers to all brain tumors including histologies not presented in this table.
-Counts and rates are not presented when fewer than 16 cases were reported for the specific histology category. The suppressed cases are included in the counts and rates for totals.
Abbreviations: CBTRUS, Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States; NPCR, National Program of Cancer Registries; SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program; CI, confidence interval; NOS, not otherwise specified.