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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 17.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Methods. 2016 Dec 19;14(2):145–148. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.4109

Figure 3. Functional studies with the cGAL system.

Figure 3

GFP effector expression in a variety of major tissues (a–f), each driven by the indicated cGAL driver. In (c–f), both driver and effector constructs (15xUAS::gfp::let-858 3’UTR) are built in the pPD117.01 vector. (g) The signaling pathway in the circuit controlling the final expulsion step in the defecation motor program. AEX-2 is necessary in two GABAergic neurons DVB and AVL (AVL not shown) to mediate expulsion. (h) Quantification of expulsion events per defecation cycle in animals with indicated genotypes. aex-2 rescue experiments with GABAergic driver, Punc-47; muscle driver, Pmyo-3; intestinal driver, Pnlp-40. Bars are mean ± SEM. n = 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 7 from left to right. **** p<0.0001. ns, not significant. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test. (i) Quantification of paralysis in animals having channelrhodopsin (ChR2) specifically expressed in GABAergic neurons (Punc-47 driver) and exposed to blue light in the presence of all-trans retinal. Each dot represents mean response to three blue light exposures from an individual animal. Bars are mean ± SEM. n = 20 and 10, from left to right. **** p < 0.0001, Mann-Whitney test.