Fig 3. Mycolactone suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by activated microglia.

IL-6 (A) and TNF-α (B) production by primary mouse cortical microglia exposed to mycolactone (ML) or vehicle for 16 h, prior to a 8 h activation with 100 ng/ml LPS. (C) Flow cytometry analysis of intracellular NOS-2 in primary cortical microglia pre-treated with ML for 30 min, prior to 16 h activation with 100 ng/ml LPS + 20 ng/ml IFN-γ, in presence of ML. (D) Flow cytometry analysis of surface expression of TLR4 (black) and IFN-γ receptor (CD119, gray) in microglia exposed to ML for 16 h. Data are means IL-6 or TNF-α levels ± SEM (A-B), mean fluorescence intensity ± SEM (C) and mean percentage of suppression compared to vehicle (D) of duplicates, and are representative of two independent experiments.