Table 3.

Effect Modifiers of Neighborhood Problems with Alcohol and Drugs on Past Year Use

	Alcohol Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Cigarettes Odds Ratio (95% CI)	E-cigarettes Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Marijuana Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Resistance self-efficacy
Main neighborhood effect	0.87 (0.6, 1.27)	0.57 (0.29, 1.11)	0.46 (0.24, 0.88)^*	0.71 (0.45, 1.13)
Main modifier effect	0.31 (0.23, 0.42)^***	0.22 (0.13, 0.38)^***	0.25 (0.16, 0.42)^***	0.21 (0.15, 0.3)^***
Interaction effect	1.05 (0.94, 1.17)	1.16 (0.97, 1.39)	1.26 (1.07, 1.49)^**	1.15 (1.01, 1.31)^*
LRT (p-value)	0.423	0.102	0.007	0.030
Peer Affiliation
Main neighborhood effect	1.29 (1.02, 1.64)^*	1.29 (0.94, 1.75)	1.14 (0.89, 1.44)	1.55 (1.16, 2.06)^**
Main modifier effect	2.87 (2.25, 3.67)^***	2.86 (2.02, 4.04)^***	2.09 (1.55, 2.83)^***	3.45 (2.63, 4.54)^***
Interaction effect	0.9 (0.82, 0.99)^*	0.88 (0.77, 1.00)^*	0.96 (0.86, 1.08)	0.88 (0.80, 0.98)^*
LRT (p-value)	0.026	0.046	0.488	0.017
Parental Monitoring
Main neighborhood effect	0.73 (0.44, 1.19)	0.79 (0.41, 1.54)	0.72 (0.42, 1.24)	0.99 (0.59, 1.67)
Main modifier effect	0.42 (0.28, 0.63)^***	0.57 (0.33, 0.97)^*	0.49 (0.31, 0.76)^**	0.48 (0.32, 0.73)^***
Interaction effect	1.12 (0.97, 1.29)	1.1 (0.9, 1.33)	1.14 (0.97, 1.33)	1.06 (0.91, 1.23)
LRT (p-value)	0.123	0.347	0.100	0.473

Notes: Estimates are from models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, mother’s education, whether or not the participant was in the intervention group at Wave 1, and a separate indicator for whether in college at follow-up;. CI = confidence interval, LRT = likelihood ratio test comparing model with versus without interaction

p-value < 0.05

^**

p-value <0.01

^***

p-value < 0.001.