Figure 1.

Functional imaging reveals bilateral patterns of increased face-dependent activation with citalopram infusion. (a) Intravenous citalopram (CITA) significantly increased activation bilaterally for the all faces vs rest (blue) and fearful vs neutral face (red) contrasts when compared with placebo (PBO). Trend-level activation increases were also observed in the right amygdala for the happy vs neutral face contrast (yellow). (b; cyan) Mean parameter estimates (±SEM) extracted across the voxels with significant differences in the second-level contrasts (ie, CITA–PBO). Within each hemisphere, the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal elicited by faces increased after CITA infusions compared with PBO (striped bars indicate PBO estimates). (c; red) A similar pattern of activity was observed in the left hemisphere for the fearful vs neutral face contrasts as well; however, (d; yellow) the right hemisphere effects for fearful vs neutral and happy vs neutral faces are less clear owing to a task-related deactivation in the PBO condition. A full color version of this figure is available at the Neuropsychopharmacology journal online.