Table 1.
| Condition | Definition | Causes |
|---|---|---|
| Hypercalciuria | urinary calcium excretion > 200 mg/d | absorptive hypercalciuria: ↑ GI calcium absorption |
| renal hypercalciuria: impaired renal Ca absorption | ||
| resorptive hypercalciuria: primary hyperparathyroidism | ||
| Hyperoxaluria | urinary oxalate excretion > 40 mg/d | primary hyperoxaluria: genetic Ox overproduction |
| dietary hyperoxaluria: excessive dietary intake | ||
| enteric hyperoxaluria: ↑ GI oxalate absorption | ||
| Hypocitraturia | urinary citrate excretion < 320 mg/d | distal renal tubular acidosis: impaired renal tubular acid |
| excretion | ||
| chronic diarrheal syndrome: GI alkali loss | ||
| thiazide-induced: hypokalemia | ||
| idiopathic hypocitraturia: high animal protein diet, | ||
| excessive physical exercise, high sodium intake | ||
| Hyperuricosuria | urinary acid excretion > 600 mg/d | dietary purine excess, uric acid overproduction or over- |
| excretion | ||
| Hypomagnesuria | urinary magnesium excretion < 50 mg/d | limited intake of magnesium-rich foods |
| Gouty diathesis | urinary pH < 5.5 | etiology unknown |
Abbreviations: GI = gastrointestinal; Ca = calcium, Ox = oxalate; ↑ = increased