Fig. 5.

Supervised, partial least squares analysis of seminal plasma NMR spectra in predicting CaP risk (according to D’Amico criteria) following add-to-subtract. Separation between low- (green dots) and intermediate- (yellow diamonds) risk patients based on RP histology due to elevated lactate, lipids/lipoproteins and pyruvate and reduced citrate, fructose, myo-inositol, and spermine in intermediate-risk samples (A,C). These relationships were observed when expanded to all low and intermediate risk patients (D, E). Discrimination within the low/intermediate group was observed due to primary Gleason Pattern 4 (filled square = present; empty square = absent) and higher lipids/lipoproteins, lactate, and pyruvate as well as reduced citrate, myo-inositol and spermine (B,C). (A, B, D) Scores plots. (C, E) Loadings plots. CaP, prostate cancer; Cit, citrate; Fru, fructose; Gln, glutamine; Glu, glutamate, Lac, lactate; Lip, lipids/lipoproteins; Myo, myo-inositol; Pyr, pyruvate; RP, radical prostatectomy; Spe, spermine; UC1, unknown compound 1.; PC, principal component.