Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate association between patient characteristics and frailty
| Variable | Positive score ≥ 1 domain | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | Positive score ≥ 2 domain | Multivariate OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate OR (95% CI) | Univariate OR (95% CI) | |||
| Sex (female) | 0.34 (0.10–1.17) | 0.78 (0.44–1.41) | ||
| Age | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | ||
| Living alone | 0.87 (0.36–2.09) | 1.02 (0.59–1.74) | ||
| Education | 0.81 (0.74–0.90)b | 0.83 (0.75–0.92)b | 0.84 ((0.77–0.91)b | 0.83 (0.76–0.91)b |
| Poor self-rated health | 4.86 (1.12–21.14)b | 3.64 (1.83–7.25)b | ||
| Risk of malnutrition/malnutritionc | 4.66 (1.92–11.35)b | 4.27 (1.56–11.68) b | 4.00 (1.89–8.47)b | 3.69 ((1.62–0.40)b |
| Drugs in regular use ≥10 | 1.22 (0.54–2.80) | 1.70 (1.01–2.86)b | ||
| FCI | 1.35 (1.04–1.75)b | 1.21 (1.04–1.40)b | ||
| Heart disease | 1.24 (0.55–2.84) | 1.30 (0.77–2.20) | ||
| Diabetes | 0.98 (0.41–2.36) | 0.89 (0.51–1.55) | ||
| Asthma / COPD | 1.61 (0.53–4.89) | 1.80 (0.93–3.49) | ||
| Stroke | 2.86 (0.83–9.86) | 2.69 (1.39–5.22)b | ||
| Visual impairment | 0.97 (0.39–2.42) | 1.87 (1.01–3.47)b | ||
| BMI | 1.09 (1.00–1.18) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) |
aForward Wald selection. Only variables that entered the model are shown
bStatistically significant (p < 0.05)
cThe nutritional status was performed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA
OR = odds ratio; FCI = Functional Comorbidity Index; COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; BMI = body mass index