Table 2.
Predictors of admission for patients with CT-confirmed ureteral stone with and without CT findings.
| Unadjusted (n=475) | Adjusted Estimates with CT findings (n=445) | Adjusted Estimates without CT results (n=445) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Characteristic | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| History of urologic procedure | 5.1 (3 – 8.7) | <0.001 | 2.8 (1.4 – 5.4) | 0.003 | *** | 4.2 (2.2 – 8) | <0.001 | *** |
| Pain duration >=6 hours on presentation | 2 (1.2 – 3.2) | 0.007 | 0.9 (0.5 – 1.8) | 0.811 | 1.1 (0.6 – 2.1) | 0.668 | ||
| Hemodynamic instability | 3.8 (1.7 – 8.5) | 0.002 | 1.9 (0.5 – 6.4) | 0.326 | 2 (0.7 – 6) | 0.21 | ||
| CVA tenderness to palpation on exam | 2.1 (1.3 – 3.4) | 0.003 | 1.6 (0.9 – 3.2) | 0.128 | 1.6 (0.9 – 3.1) | 0.112 | ||
| Subjective fever or chills | 3.8 (2.2 – 6.8) | <0.001 | 1.4 (0.8 – 2.6) | 0.273 | 1.5 (0.8 – 2.7) | 0.183 | ||
| Evidence of UTI* | 3 (1.7 – 5.1) | <0.001 | 1.2 (0.5 – 2.5) | 0.694 | 1.1 (0.5 – 2.4) | 0.728 | ||
| Serum WBC > 11 × 109/L | 1.7 (1 – 2.7) | 0.037 | 1.2 (0.7 – 2.3) | 0.51 | 1.1 (0.6 – 2) | 0.699 | ||
| Serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL | 11 (4.6 – 25) | <0.001 | 16 (5.6 – 50) | <0.001 | *** | 12 (4.6 – 35) | <0.001 | *** |
| Moderate or greater hydronephrosis on CT | 2.2 (1.3 – 3.6) | 0.002 | 1.9 (1 – 3.7) | 0.056 | -- | -- | ||
| Large stone (>5mm) on CT | 5.2 (3.2 – 8.5) | <0.001 | 3.4 (17 – 6.8) | <0.001 | *** | -- | -- | |
| Proximal stone location on CT (midureter or above) | 2. 7 (1.7 – 4.3) | <0.001 | 1.8 (0.9 – 3.4) | 0.075 | -- | -- | ||
| Moderate or greater hydronephrosis on renal PLUS | (1.3 – 3.4) | 0.004 | 1.8 (0.9 – 3.4) | 0.083 | 2.2 (1.2 – 4.1) | 0.012 | *** | |
| Antibiotics given in the ED | 7.1 (4.2 – 12) | <0.001 | 6 (3.1 – 12) | <0.001 | *** | 6 (3.1 – 12) | <0.001 | *** |
| Opiates given in the ED | 2.1 (1.2 – 3.8) | 0.01 | 2.7 (1.3 – 6.1) | 0.008 | *** | 2 (1 – 4.3) | 0.049 | *** |
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| Model AUC | 0.871 | 0.842 | ||||||
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***
Indicates statistically significant predictors in multivariable analysis.
*
Patients were considered to have evidence of UTI if leukocyte esterase and/or 6 or more WBCs were present on urinalysis.
AUC: area under the curve (c-statistic), OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, CVA: costovertebral angle, ED: emergency department, hpf: high-powered field, WBC: white blood cell, CT: computed tomography scan, PLUS: renal point-of-care limited ultrasound, UA