Epidermal growth factor receptor downstream signaling pathways include RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK/ERK, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) and Akt, protein kinase C (PKC), Src, and the JAK/STAT pathways. Subsequent signaling cascades influence gene expression, proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis inhibition, cell motility, metastasis, adhesion, and angiogenesis.