Table 3.
Medication dosages and adverse outcomes in gender-stratified populations receiving IV hydromorphone for perioperative pain control
| Males (n = 58) | Females (n = 42) | Chi-square values | t test values | p values (by either) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Total hydromorphone doses in mg IV | |||||
| Total dose | 1.30 ± 0.48 | 1.30 ± 0.51 | NA | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| 2. Total midazolam doses in mg IV | |||||
| Total dose | 1.30 ± 0.69 | 1.30 ± 0.53 | NA | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| 3. Patients requiring an antiemetic within 6 h of receiving hydrochloride | |||||
| # | 6 | 5 | Fisher’s exact | NA | 1.000 |
| 3a. Patients who received an antiemetic as part of a general anesthetic protocol within 6 h of receiving hydrochloride | |||||
| # | 3 | 0 | Fisher’s exact | NA | 0.637 |
| 3b. Patients who received an antiemetic within 6 h of receiving the hydrochloride but also had condition/symptomatology predisposing to N/V | |||||
| # | 2 | 2 | Fisher’s exact | NA | 1.000 |
| 3c. Patients with opioid-induced N/V | |||||
| # | 1 | 3 | Fisher’s exact | NA | 0.307 |
| 4. Patients who received hydromorphone and were admitted to the PACU/ICU postoperatively | |||||
| # | 30 | 18 | 0.453 | NA | 0.501 |
| 4a. Patients admitted to the PACU postoperatively for opioid-induced complication | |||||
| # | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| 5. Patients experiencing opioid-induced hypotension (SBP < 100 mmHg) | |||||
| # | 0 | 1 | Fisher’s exact | NA | 1.000 |
| 6. Patients experiencing opioid-induced hypoxia (O2sat < 93%) | |||||
| # | 1 | 0 | Fisher’s exact | NA | 1.000 |
| 7. Patients needing opioid-reversal with naloxone (for over-sedation | |||||
| # | 0 | 0 | NA | ||