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. 2017 Nov 13;8:813. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00813

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Copyright © 2017 Izmailov, Povysheva, Bashirov, Sokolov, Fadeev, Garifulin, Naroditsky, Logunov, Salafutdinov, Chelyshev, Islamov and Lavrov.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Triple gene therapy reduces reactive astrogliosis in the post-traumatic caudal spinal cord. Upper panel: GFAP (red) and Vimentin (yellow)-immmunoreactivity in the DREZ caudally to the SCI epicenter in Ad-GFP-, Ad-VEGF-ANG-NCAM-, and Ad-VEGF-GDNF-NCAM-treated rats. The white arrows show the co-localization of GFAP and Vimentin in astrocytes. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Scale bar = 100 μm. Lower panel: Comparison between different groups for GFAP- and Vimentin-positive cells counted in DREZ. Data are presented as mean SEM, *p < 0.05.