Table 2.
Results of the studies (stone location, SFR, failure to access and complications)
| Author | Stone location (n) | SFR (%) | Failures (n) | Complications (n) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upper ureter | Mid ureter | Lower ureter | Renal pelvis | Upper pole | Mid pole | Lower pole | Other stones | ||||
| Medium-volume centres | |||||||||||
| Schuster [6] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 100 | 0 | Stent migration (1), pyelonephritis (1) |
| Dogan [7] | 2 | – | 33 | – | – | – | – | – | 97 | 1 | Ureteric perforation (2) |
| Satar [8] | 6 | 3 | 26 | – | – | – | – | – | 94 | 2 | UTI (1) |
| Al-Busaidy [9] | 6 | 5 | 17 | – | – | – | – | – | 92 | 2 | Transient haematuria (4), fever (2) |
| Thomas [12] | 3 | 5 | 24 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 96 | 1/33 | Extravasation (1) |
| El-Assmy [13] | 2 | 2 | 29 | – | – | – | – | – | 96.9 | 1/33 | Extravasation (1), transient haematuria (1) |
| Erturhan [16] | 4 | 15 | 27 | – | – | – | – | 87.7 | 5/41 | Nil | |
| Corcoran [17] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 94 | 2/30 | Ureteral perforation (2), urinoma (1) |
| Yeow [20] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 88.5 | 3/26 | Nil |
| Chedgy [31] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 95 | 0 | UTI (1) |
| Featherstone [33••] | 2 | – | 5 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 21 | 4 | 89 | 1 | Nil |
| Iqbal [35] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 100 | 0 | Pyelonephritis (2), haematuria (4) |
| Utangac [36] | 4 | 9 | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | 94.1 | 0 | Minimal bleeding (2), ureteral perforation (1), UTI (2) |
| High-volume centres | |||||||||||
| Al Busaidy [4] | 9 | 7 | 34 | – | – | – | – | – | 93 | 3/43 | Ureteric perforation (2) |
| Bassiri [5] | 2 | 5 | 59 | – | – | – | – | – | 88 | 3/66 | Transient haematuria (11), pyelonephritis (3), renal colic (1) |
| Minevich [10] | 16 | 14 | 28 | 7 | – | – | – | – | 98 | 0 | Nil |
| Raza [11] | 0 | 3 | 72 | – | – | – | – | 2 | 87.2 | 0 | Ureteric perforation (2), urinary retention (1), mild fever (5), mucosal tear (1) |
| Gedik [14] | 3 | 16 | 25 | – | – | – | – | – | 77.8 | 2 | Pyrexia (3) |
| Smaldone [15] | 19 | 11 | 37 | 6 | 10 | – | 17 | – | 91 | 0 | Ureteric perforation/extravasation (5), ureteral stricture (1) |
| Tanaka [18] | – | – | – | 27 | – | – | 13 | 11 | 58 | 0 | Re-admission due to nausea and vomiting (1) |
| Kim [19] | – | 47 | 19 | – | – | – | 87 | 14 | 98.5 | 0 | Nil |
| Tanriverdi [21] | 5 | 2 | 33 | – | – | – | – | – | 89.2 | 2 | Mucosal lacerations (2), minor haematuria (1) |
| Turunc [22] | 7 | 9 | 50 | – | – | – | – | – | 92.4 | 5 | Pyrexia (1) |
| Ghazaleh [23] | – | – | – | 34 | 6 | 4 | – | 24 | 94.8 | 0 | UTI (3), haematuria (1) |
| Nerli [24] | 56 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 24 | 97.5 | 2 | Intra-operative bleeding (6), self-limiting post-operative bleeding (8), pyrexia (4) |
| Dogan [25•] | 96 | 73 | 480 | – | – | – | – | 21 | 90 | 9/660 | Stone migration (8), mucosal laceration (1), broken catheter (1), ureteral perforations (5), haematuria (2) (1 intra-op, 1 post-op), post-op pain (2), febrile UTI (20), urinary retention (1), 1 urethral stone (1), late ureterovesical junction obstruction (4) |
| Yucel [26] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 84.3 | 8/54 | Ureteral perforation (3), urosepsis (30), ureteral obstruction with stone fragment (1) |
| Atar [27] | 6 | 9 | 54 | – | – | – | – | – | 85.6 | 12 | Mild haematuria (8), ureteral laceration (8), ureteric perforation (4), urinoma (1), renal colic (5), febrile UTI (9), urinary retention (7), bleeding/false route/perforation intra-operatively (5) |
| Resorlu [28] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 92.6 | 0 | Minor complications (Clavien I/II) 8.4% Major complications (Clavien III–V) nil |
| Jurkiewicz [29] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 98.1 | 4/15 | Ureteral perforation (1), ureterovesical stenosis (1) |
| Ezkurt [30] | – | – | – | 22 | 10 | 12 | 28 | – | 92.3 | 5/65 | Pyelonephritis (10), haematuria (6), ureteral wall injury (2) |
| Sen [32] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 66 | NR | Fever (30), ureteral laceration (8), sepsis (6) |
| Featherstone [33••] | 2 | – | 5 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 21 | 4 | 89 | 1 | Nil |
| Gokce [34] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 87 | 3/116 | Mucosal injury (8), renal colic (22) |
| Other | |||||||||||
| Guven [37] | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 89.2 | NR | Pain (1), stricture (2) |
NR not reported