Table 1.
Baseline and AA characteristics of MS(+) and MS(−) groups. Data are expressed in the original scale as medians and robust SD with P values for differences testing
| Parameter/group | MS(−), n = 98 | MS(+), n = 165 | P values |
|---|---|---|---|
| WC [cm] | 90 ± 7.97 | 98 ± 5.93 | < 0.001 |
| WHR | 0.9 ± 0.04 | 0.94 ± 0.04 | 0.475 |
| WtHr | 0.5 ± 0.04 | 0.56 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 25.5 ± 2.59 | 29 ± 2.97 | < 0.001 |
| FM% | 20.5 ± 5.19 | 27 ± 4.45 | < 0.001 |
| FFM [kg] | 63.2 ± 5.01 | 64.77 ± 5.86 | 0.063 |
| FM [kg] | 16.7 ± 5.41 | 23.45 ± 6.26 | < 0.001 |
| IMT [mm] | 0.545 ± 0.074 | 0.55 ± 0.074 | 0.852 |
| LDL [mmol/L] | 3 ± 0.85 | 3.3 ± 0.82 | 0.008 |
| TG [mmol/L] | 1.2 ± 0.52 | 2 ± 0.89 | < 0.001 |
| HDL [mmol/L] | 1.56 ± 0.38 | 1.29 ± 0.29 | < 0.001 |
| CRP [mg/L] | 0.95 ± 0.95 | 1.67 ± 1.65 | 0.744 |
| SYS [mmHg] | 120 ± 7.41 | 140 ± 7.41 | < 0.001 |
| DIAS [mmHg] | 80 ± 6.49 | 90 ± 3.71 | < 0.001 |
| FG [mmol/L] | 5.35 ± 0.35 | 5.8 ± 0.52 | < 0.001 |
| insulin [µIU/mL] | 5.95 ± 2.49 | 9.52 ± 5.75 | < 0.001 |
| HOMA IR | 1.46 ± 0.58 | 2.51 ± 1.63 | < 0.001 |
| ADI [µg/mL] | 7.5 ± 4.11 | 6.5 ± 3.17 | 0.001 |
| LEP [ng/mL] | 5.85 ± 3.47 | 7.4 ± 3.98 | < 0.001 |
| LEP/ADI | 0.73 ± 0.54 | 1.12 ± 0.89 | < 0.001 |
| Amino acid concentrations [nmol/mL] | |||
| Leucine | 132.8 ± 39.5 | 157.7 ± 38.5 | 0.005 |
| Valine | 247.3 ± 74.2 | 272.7 ± 68.9 | 0.032 |
| Isoleucine | 58.8 ± 18.5 | 69.9 ± 15.7 | 0.001 |
| Phenylalanine | 74.8 ± 19.0 | 88.6 ± 23.4 | 0.002 |
| Tyrosine | 25.9 ± 9.93 | 26.95 ± 10.17 | 0.261 |
| Tryptophan | 56.4 ± 24.4 | 59.3 ± 30.9 | 0.102 |
| BCAA | 433 ± 125 | 512 ± 115 | 0.008 |
| AAA | 164.1 ± 36.7 | 176.1 ± 56.2 | 0.006 |
| BCAA_AAA | 589 ± 120 | 674 ± 133 | 0.002 |
| Amino acid ratios | |||
| Leu_IV | 0.45 ± 0.08 | 0.46 ± 0.07 | 0.926 |
| Leu_IVPTT | 0.29 ± 0.05 | 0.31 ± 0.05 | 0.436 |
| Trp_LIVTyr | 0.11 ± 0.06 | 0.12 ± 0.06 | 0.982 |
| TyrPhe_LIVTrp | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.677 |
AAA aromatic amino acids, ADI adiponectin, BCAA branched chain amino acids, BCAA_AAA summary concentration of BCAA and AAA, BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, DIAS diastolic blood pressure, FG fasting glucose, FFM fat free body mass, FM fat body mass, FM% percentage of body fat, HDL high density cholesterol, HOMA IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, IMT intima media thickness, LDL low density lipoprotein, LEP leptin, LEP/ADI leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, Leu_IV shortened leucine ratio, Leu_IVPTT leucine ratio, SYS systolic blood pressure, TG triglycerides, Trp_LIVTyr tryptophan ratio, TyrPhe_LIVTrp tyrosine ratio, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, WtHr waist-to-height ratio