Table 1.
Clinicopathological characteristics of the entire study cohort stratified by extent of resection.
| GA group (n = 798, 89.4%) | EMR group (n = 75, 8.4%) | PO group (n = 20, 2.2%) | χ2 or t value | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative characteristics | |||||
| Sex (Male) | 534 (66.9%) | 58 (77.3%) | 16 (80.0%) | 4.76 | 0.090 |
| Age (years) | 54.3 ± 10.9 | 56.6 ± 11.3 | 55.6 ± 10.7 | 1.57 | 0.210 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.5 ± 2.9 | 20.9 ± 3.1 | 21.0 ± 2.5 | 1.40 | 0.250 |
| ASA ≥ 3 | 122 (15.3%) | 16 (21.3%) | 2 (10.0%) | 2.39 | 0.300 |
| Any comorbidity | 230 (28.8%) | 30 (40.0%) | 4 (20.0%) | 5.01 | 0.080 |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 36 (4.5%) | 5 (6.7%) | 2 (10.0%) | 1.90 | 0.390 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | (63.2%) | (69.3%) | (70%) | 0.180 | |
| Preoperative albumin (g/L) | 36.8 ± 4.8 | 35.3 ± 5.0 | 34.1 ± 8.0 | 5.69 | 0.004 |
| Preoperative hemoglobin (g/L) | 117.0 ± 24.2 | 106.3 ± 26.5 | 99.1 ± 31.0 | 11.20 | <0.001 |
| Complication due to the tumor | 232 (29.7%) | 25 (33.3%) | 20 (100.0%) | 40.08 | <0.001 |
| Pyloric obstruction | 150 (18.8%) | 13 (17.3%) | 15 (75.0%) | 38.96 | <0.001 |
| Bleeding | 82 (10.3%) | 12 (16.0%) | 5 (25.0%) | 6.30 | 0.040 |
| Surgery | |||||
| Resection type | 426.34 | <0.001 | |||
| Proximal subtotal | 34 (4.3%) | 7 (9.3%) | 1 (5.0%) | ||
| Distal subtotal | 552 (69.2%) | 29 (38.7%) | 6 (30.0%) | ||
| Total gastrectomy | 212 (26.6%) | 39 (52.0%) | 4 (20.0%) | ||
| Gastrojejunostomy | 9 (45.0%) | ||||
| Intraoperative blood loss (mL) | 201.6 ± 106.6 | 353.9 ± 310.7 | 155.5 ± 101.9 | 45.00 | <0.001 |
| Operation time (min) | 203.0 ± 50.6 | 257.7 ± 76.3 | 191.0 ± 58.4 | 36.98 | <0.001 |
| Pathology | |||||
| Tumor location | 33.94 | <0.001 | |||
| Upper third | 74 (9.3%) | 18 (24.0%) | 2 (10.0%) | ||
| Middle third | 171 (21.4%) | 20 (26.7%) | 6 (30.0%) | ||
| Lower third | 507 (63.5%) | 26 (34.7%) | 10 (50.0%) | ||
| Linitis plastica | 46 (5.8%) | 11 (14.7%) | 2 (10.0%) | ||
| Tumor diameter (cm) | 4.5 ± 2.3 | 5.4 ± 2.8 | — | 3.19 | 0.070 |
| T stage | 8.90 | 0.003 | |||
| T3 | 152 (19.2%) | 4 (5.3%) | — | ||
| T4 | 645 (80.8%) | 71 (94.7%) | — | ||
| N stage | 0.65 | 0.880 | |||
| N0 | 186 (23.3%) | 16 (21.3%) | — | ||
| N1 | 142 (17.8%) | 15 (20.0%) | — | ||
| N2 | 200 (25.1%) | 16 (21.3%) | — | ||
| N3 | 270 (33.8%) | 28 (37.3%) | — | ||
| Lymph node harvested | 19.9 ± 8.5 | 23.0 ± 9.0 | — | 3.02 | 0.003 |
| Differentiation type | 1.49 | 0.480 | |||
| Poor-undifferentiated | 684 (85.7%) | 61 (81.3%) | 16 (80.0%) | ||
| Well-moderate differentiated | 114 (14.3%) | 14 (18.7%) | 4 (20.0%) | ||
| TNM stage | 11.36 | 0.001 | |||
| II | 188 (23.6%) | 5 (6.7%) | — | ||
| III | 610 (76.4%) | 70 (93.3%) | — | ||
| Surgical margin | 27.10 | <0.001 | |||
| Negative (R0 resection) | 780 (97.74%) | 65 (86.67%) | |||
| Positive (R1 resection) | 18 (2.26%) | 10 (13.33%) | |||
| Postoperative outcomes | |||||
| 30-day mortality | 3 (0.4%) | 2 (2.7%) | 1 (5.0%) | 11.13 | 0.004 |
| Complications | 65 (8.1%) | 19 (25.3%) | 2 (10.0%) | 23.28 | <0.001 |
| Clavien complications ≥ IIIa | 25 (3.1%) | 10 (13.3%) | 1 (5.0%) | 18.49 | <0.001 |
| Perioperative blood transfusion | 181 (22.7%) | 44 (58.7%) | 8 (40.0%) | 48.09 | <0.001 |
| Post-operative hospital stays (days) | 11.9 ± 4.5 | 14.8 ± 10.7 | 10.2 ± 2.9 | 11.75 | <0.001 |
GA, gastrectomy alone; EMR, extended multiorgan resection; PO, palliative operation; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.