Table 1.

Baseline characteristics between depression group and non-depression group.

	Non-depression (N = 138,187)		Depression (N = 34,765)
Characteristic	n	%	n	%	P valuea
Sex					0.96
Female	52,072	37.7	13,105	37.7
Male	86,115	62.3	21,660	62.3
Age group (years)					0.61
20–39	49,893	36.1	12,453	35.8
40–64	62,652	45.3	15,834	45.6
65–84	25,642	18.6	6,478	18.6
Age (years), mean (SD)c	47.6	(16.6)	47.9	(16.5)	0.002
Follow-up period (years), mean (SD)c	8.30	(3.37)	8.21	(3.41)	<0.001
Baseline comorbidities
Alcohol-related disease	9,632	6.97	2,516	7.24	0.08
Asbestosisb	8	0.01	6	0.02	0.03
Chronic kidney disease	3,076	2.23	839	2.41	0.04
Chronic liver disease	24,786	17.9	6,314	18.2	0.33
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	16,874	12.2	4,330	12.5	0.21
Diabetes mellitus	8,886	6.43	2,304	6.63	0.18
Human immunodeficiency virus infection	140	0.10	52	0.15	0.02
Gastrectomy	273	0.20	109	0.31	0.001
Pneumoconiosis	666	0.48	212	0.61	0.003
Splenectomy	60	0.04	27	0.08	0.01

Data are presented as the number of subjects in each group with percentages given in parentheses, or mean with SD given in parentheses.

^aChi-square test, ^bFisher-exact test, and ^ct-test comparing subjects with and without depression.