Table 3.
Multivariate Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors influencing survival outcomes in patients with single metastatic site
| Characteristics | Overall survival
|
Bladder cancer-specific survival
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Age at diagnosis, years | ||||
| ≤60 | 0.464 (0.327–0.661) | <0.001 | 0.495 (0.345–0.710) | <0.001 |
| 61–70 | 0.597 (0.435–0.819) | 0.001 | 0.574 (0.412–0.799) | 0.001 |
| 71–80 | 0.862 (0.635–1.170) | 0.341 | 0.864 (0.628–1.187) | 0.366 |
| >80 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | 0.893 (0.690–1.156) | 0.390 | 0.892 (0.683–1.165) | 0.402 |
| Race | ||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Black | 1.091 (0.725–1.640) | 0.677 | 1.074 (0.705–1.637) | 0.740 |
| Other | 1.284 (0.754–2.189) | 0.358 | 1.306 (0.753–2.265) | 0.342 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Unmarried | Reference | Reference | ||
| Married | 0.842 (0.668–1.059) | 0.142 | 0.872 (0.688–1.107) | 0.262 |
| Grade | ||||
| G1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| G2 | 3.626 (0.774–17.000) | 0.102 | 3.216 (0.680–15.208) | 0.141 |
| G3 | 2.963 (0.708–12.401) | 0.137 | 2.695 (0.644–11.280) | 0.175 |
| Tumor size, cm | ||||
| ≤2 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 2–5 | 1.163 (0.730–1.851) | 0.525 | 1.065 (0.666–1.702) | 0.794 |
| >5 | 1.163 (0.739–1.831) | 0.515 | 1.070 (0.677–1.690) | 0.773 |
| T stage | ||||
| T1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| T2 | 0.919 (0.668–1.266) | 0.606 | 0.915 (0.658–1.273) | 0.599 |
| T3 | 1.655 (1.053–2.600) | 0.029 | 1.653 (1.039–2.631) | 0.034 |
| T4 | 1.723 (1.155–2.571) | 0.008 | 1.687 (1.116–2.550) | 0.013 |
| N stage | ||||
| N0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| N1 | 1.081 (0.739–1.581) | 0.688 | 1.062 (0.715–1.577) | 0.767 |
| N2 | 1.046 (0.781–1.401) | 0.763 | 1.037 (0.767–1.403) | 0.811 |
| N3 | 1.178 (0.725–1.913) | 0.509 | 1.161 (0.700–1.928) | 0.563 |
| Sites of distant metastases | ||||
| Bone only | 1.562 (1.115–2.187) | 0.009 | 1.660 (1.169–2.359) | 0.005 |
| Brain only | 3.232 (1.373–7.612) | 0.007 | 3.617 (1.528–8.561) | 0.003 |
| Liver only | 1.618 (1.092–2.396) | 0.016 | 1.731 (1.149–2.608) | 0.009 |
| Lung only | 1.871 (1.355–2.584) | <0.001 | 1.909 (1.362–2.675) | <0.001 |
| Distant nodes only | Reference | Reference | ||
| Radical cystectomy | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.466 (0.318–0.682) | <0.001 | 0.495 (0.336–0.730) | <0.001 |
| Metastasectomy | ||||
| No | Reference | 0.565 | Reference | 0.514 |
| Yes | 1.157 (0.705–1.898) | 1.184 (0.712–1.969) | ||