Table 2.

Comparisons of remaining life expectancy and quality-adjusted life expectancy between active surveillance using different protocols for men with low-risk prostate cancer, compared with watchful waiting in the cohorts aged ≥40 yr, ≥50 yr (base case), ≥65 yr, ≥70 yr, and ≥75 yr

Strategy	Remaining life expectancy (LY)	Incremental LY	Quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALY)	Incremental QALY
Cohort aged ≥40 yr
Watchful waiting	42.94	–	41.47	–
AS—Hopkins	43.96	+1.03	42.36	+0.89
AS—PRIAS	43.81	+0.88	42.20	+0.73
AS—MRI based	43.96	+1.03	42.36	+0.90
AS—5 yr	43.58	+0.64	41.95	+0.49
Cohort aged ≥50 yr
Watchful waiting	34.55	–	33.36	–
AS—Hopkins	35.21	+0.66	33.89	+0.53
AS—PRIAS	35.12	+0.57	33.79	+0.44
AS—MRI based	35.20	+0.65	33.89	+0.53
AS—5 yr	34.99	+0.44	33.63	+0.27
Cohort aged ≥65 yr
Watchful waiting	22.60	–	21.80
AS—Hopkins	22.83	+0.24	21.70	−0.10
AS—PRIAS	22.81	+0.22	21.70	−0.10
AS—MRI based	22.83	+0.24	21.71	−0.10
AS—5 yr	22.78	+0.19	21.67	−0.13
Cohort aged ≥70 yr
Watchful waiting	18.87	–	18.21	–
AS—Hopkins	19.02	+0.14	17.89	−0.31
AS—PRIAS	19.00	+0.13	17.93	−0.28
AS—MRI based	19.01	+0.14	17.89	−0.32
AS—5 yr	18.99	+0.12	18.00	−0.20
Cohort aged ≥75 yr
Watchful waiting	15.35	–	14.81	–
AS—Hopkins	15.42	+0.07	14.48	−0.33
AS—PRIAS	15.41	+0.06	14.52	−0.29
AS—MRI based	15.42	+0.07	14.47	−0.34
AS—5 yr	15.41	+0.06	14.63	−0.18

AS = active surveillance; LY = life years; QALY = quality-adjusted life years; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; PRIAS = Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance.