Table 1.
Characteristics of participating mothers and infants at birth.
| Maternal Characteristicsa, N = 41 | Mean (±SD) or N (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean | 30.9(5.8) | |
| Maternal age, y | ||
| Non-AMA(<35) | 30 (74) | |
| AMA (≥35) | 11 (26) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 29.7 (7.1) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | ||
| Normal (<25) | 11 (26) | |
| Overweight (25–30) | 15 (37) | |
| Obese (>30) | 15 (37) | |
| Parity | ||
| Nulliparous | 24 (59) | |
| Multiparous | 17 (41) | |
| 24-hour food recall | ||
| Total calories (kcal) | 2382 (±556) | |
| Percent calories from fat | 34 (±7) | |
| Percent calories from carbohydrates | 51 (±8) | |
| Percent calories from protein | 15 (±3) | |
| HEI-2010 | 67 (±9.7) | |
| GWG (kg) | 10.5 (±6.7) | |
| Institute of Medicine GWG adherence | ||
| Inadequate | 13 (32) | |
| Adequate | 12 (29) | |
| Excess | 16 (39) | |
| Infant Characteristicsa | ||
| Birth weight (kg) | 3.5 (±0.4) | |
| Neonatal Fat (kg) | 0.43(±0.2) | |
| Abdominal circumference (cm) | 33.5 (±1.8) | |
| Ponderal index (kg/cm3) | 25.8 (±3.0) | |
| Length (cm) | 51.5 (±2.4) | |
a
All continuous variables assessed and found to be normally distributed
GWG, Gestational weight gain, AMA, Advanced Maternal Age.50