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Hill Causality Criteria for Benzodiazepine/Z-Drug Adverse Events
| Traffic Accidents | Falls leading to fractures | Dementia | Infections | Pancreatitis | Respiratory Worsening | Cancer | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consistency | + | + | ± | ± | ± | − | ± |
| Strength | + | + | + | ± | + | ± | ± |
| Temporality | + | + | − | + | − | − | − |
| Specificity | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Dose-response | + | + | ± | − | ± | − | ± |
| Coherence | + | + | ± | ± | − | ± | − |
| Experimental evidence | + | + | − | ± | − | ± | − |
| Analogy | + | + | − | − | ± | + | − |
+, criteria fulfilled; ±, criteria partially fulfilled or arguable either way; −, criteria not fulfilled
