Table 1.
Clinical, anthropometric, hormone, and metabolic parameters in DM1, DM2, patients, and healthy controls.
| Parameters | DM1 (n = 28) | DM2 (n = 10) | P-value* | Controls (n = 23) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 44.7 ± 11.5 | 56.7 ± 9.3 | 0.005 | 45.6 ± 14.5 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 4.1 | 26.8 ± 4.4 | 0.267 | 25.6 ± 3.06 |
| Normal weight, % 18 < BMI ≤ 25 | 57 | 60 | 1.000 | 62 |
| Overweight, % 25 < BMI ≤ 30 | 36 | 20 | 0.453 | 23 |
| Obesity, % 30 < BMI ≤ 35 | 7 | 20 | 0.279 | 15 |
| MRC scale | 128.8 ± 14.9 | 145.4 ± 4.6 | 0.002 | |
| MIRS scale | 12.4 ± 3.4 | 14.5 ± 1.0 | 0.063 | |
| Waist, cm | 95.8 ± 10.2 | 97.2 ± 13.9 | 0.744 | |
| Hip, cm | 98.5 ± 8.4 | 98.1 ± 11.5 | 0.912 | |
| Waist/hip | 0.97 ± 0.05 | 0.99 ± 0.05 | 0.355 | |
| VO2, mL/kg/min | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 0.754 | |
| REE | 1,351.7 ± 224.4 | 1,358.2 ± 280.7 | 0.942 | |
| EF, systolic, mm | 5.99 ± 2.90 | 6.00 ± 1.15 | 0.994 | |
| Hepatic steatosis, % | 57.1 | 70.0 | 0.269 | |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 79.6 ± 9.9 | 91.8 ± 24.3 | 0.033 | |
| Insulin, microU/mL | 10.7 ± 15.4 | 15.1 ± 11.7 | 0.422 | |
| HOMA-IR | 2.09 ± 2.78 | 3.73 ± 3.33 | 0.136 | |
| Insulin resistance, % | 14.3 | 60.0 | 0.010 | |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 3.5 | 40.0 | 0.012 | |
| HbA1c, % | 5.29 ± 0.42 | 6.05 ± 1.38 | 0.014 | |
| Total-C, mg/dL | 203.6 ± 39.8 | 218.7 ± 41.3 | 0.314 | |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 49.2 ± 11.6 | 52.6 ± 13.8 | 0.461 | |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 125.9 ± 34.1 | 137.6 ± 34.7 | 0.363 | |
| TG, mg/dL | 145.9 ± 67.2 | 142.5 ± 94.7 | 0.902 | |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 53.6 | 80.0 | 0.259 | |
| Testosterone, ng/dL | 400.3 ± 147.6 | 344.2 ± 156.5 | 0.317 | |
| Free-T, ng/dL | 7.33 ± 3.31 | 5.78 ± 1.79 | 0.168 | |
| 17β-estradiol, pg/mL | 46.4 ± 12.4 | 52.8 ± 11.5 | 0.180 | |
| SHBG, nmol/L | 42.6 ± 17.0 | 42.4 ± 22.4 | 0.976 | |
| LH, mUI/L | 8.5 ± 5.0 | 12.3 ± 5.8 | 0.057 | |
| FSH, mUI/L | 17.6 ± 13.1 | 31.9 | 0.011 | |
| AMH, ng/mL | 3.09 ± 3.42 | 0.64 ± 0.38 | 0.055 | |
| Inhibin B, pg/mL | 90.67 ± 107.64 | 37.51 ± 24.54 | 0.181 | |
| Hypogonadism, % | 25.0 | 50.0 | 0.235 | |
BMI, body mass index; MRC, modified 5-point Medical Research Council scale; MIRS, muscular impairment rating scale; REE, resting energy expenditure; EF, epicardial fat; C, cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; free-T, free testosterone; SHBG, sex-hormone binding globuline; LH, luteinizing hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; AMH, anti-Müllerian hormone.
*Comparison between DM1 and DM2 patients.
Bold means “statistically significant differences”.