Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017 Oct 15;42(20):1511–1520. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002344

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics of participants in economic evaluation

Characteristic Usual Care (n=102) CBT (n=98) MBSR (n=101) p value
Age, mean (SD), y 49.3 (12.2) 49.3 (12.7) 50.2 (11.3) 0.836
Women 77 (76%) 60 (61%) 63 (62%) 0.058
Education
 <High school 5 (5%) 4 (4%) 14 (14%) 0.056
 Some college or vocational school 34 (33%) 34 (35%) 36 (36%)
 College graduate 63 (62%) 60 (61%) 51 (51%)
Race
 White 79 (80%) 82 (84%) 85 (85%) 0.444
 Asian 2 (2%) 6 (6%) 4 (4%)
 African American 3 (3%) 3 (3%) 3 (2%)
 Other 15 (15%) 7 (7%) 9 (9%)
Hispanic ethnicity 8 (8%) 9 (9%) 5 (5%) 0.499
Married or living as married 72 (71%) 73 (75%) 74 (73%) 0.817
Annual family income > US $55,000 67 (68%) 65 (69%) 61 (62%) 0.536
Employed 81 (79%) 78 (80%) 79 (78%) 0.967
Back Pain History and Expectations
 >1 Year since 1 week without LBP 77 (76%) 78 (80%) 81 (80%) 0.675
 Had spinal injection for LBP 2 (2%) 2 (2%) 3 (4%) 0.859
 Currently reporting “a lot of pain” in site other than back 34 (33%) 28 (29%) 28 (28%) 0.643
 Duration of back pain, mean days (SD) 321.7 (433) 412.0 (516) 369.3 (437) 0.397
Baseline Measures of Primary Outcome Scores
 RDQ (modified), mean (SD) 10.9 (5.0) 11.4 (5.0) 11.9 (4.6) 0.371
 Pain bothersomeness rating, mean (SD) 5.9 (1.6) 5.9 (1.6) 6.0 (1.6) 0.906
Baseline Measures of Secondary Outcome Scores
 Characteristic pain intensity, mean (SD) 5.8 (1.3) 5.8 (1.2) 6.0 (1.3) 0.613
 PHQ-8, mean (SD) 5.5 (4.0) 5.8 (4.5) 5.7 (4.1) 0.880
 GAD-2, mean (SD) 1.5 (1.4) 1.5 (1.5) 1.3 (1.4) 0.424
 SF-12 Physical, mean (SD) 39.8 (7.1) 39.9 (8.5) 38.0 (7.5) 0.136
 SF-12 Mental, mean (SD) 39.8 (7.4) 39.0 (8.4) 41.0 (8.0) 0.214
 Health-related quality of life (SF-6D) 70.8 (12.2) 69.5 (12.4) 68.0 (13.3) 0.438
 Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) 72.0 (15.2) 73.8 (11.7) 72.7 (14.4) 0.677
 Any medication use for LBP in past week 76 (75%) 75 (77%) 73 (72%) 0.789
 Opioids use for LBP in past week 10 (10%) 12 (12%) 14 (14%) 0.669
 Back-specific exercise >3 days in past week 38 (37%) 39 (40%) 38 (38%) 0.924
 General exercise >3 days in past week 47 (46%) 51 (52%) 49 (49%) 0.699
Productivity measures, mean (SD)
 Hours per week absent because of LBP – measured for those employed only 1.0 (2.4) 1.0 (3.3) 1.2 (4.0) 0.862
 How much LBP affects work 0=no effect, 10=completely prevents work – measured for those employed only 2.9 (2.2) 2.1 (2.1) 2.8 (2.2) 0.043
 How much LBP affects regular activities 0=no effect, 10=completely prevents activities - measured on all 3.5 (2.2) 3.4 (2.1) 3.9 (2.2) 0.337