Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants in economic evaluation
| Characteristic | Usual Care (n=102) | CBT (n=98) | MBSR (n=101) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 49.3 (12.2) | 49.3 (12.7) | 50.2 (11.3) | 0.836 |
| Women | 77 (76%) | 60 (61%) | 63 (62%) | 0.058 |
| Education | ||||
| <High school | 5 (5%) | 4 (4%) | 14 (14%) | 0.056 |
| Some college or vocational school | 34 (33%) | 34 (35%) | 36 (36%) | |
| College graduate | 63 (62%) | 60 (61%) | 51 (51%) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 79 (80%) | 82 (84%) | 85 (85%) | 0.444 |
| Asian | 2 (2%) | 6 (6%) | 4 (4%) | |
| African American | 3 (3%) | 3 (3%) | 3 (2%) | |
| Other | 15 (15%) | 7 (7%) | 9 (9%) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 8 (8%) | 9 (9%) | 5 (5%) | 0.499 |
| Married or living as married | 72 (71%) | 73 (75%) | 74 (73%) | 0.817 |
| Annual family income > US $55,000 | 67 (68%) | 65 (69%) | 61 (62%) | 0.536 |
| Employed | 81 (79%) | 78 (80%) | 79 (78%) | 0.967 |
| Back Pain History and Expectations | ||||
| >1 Year since 1 week without LBP | 77 (76%) | 78 (80%) | 81 (80%) | 0.675 |
| Had spinal injection for LBP | 2 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 3 (4%) | 0.859 |
| Currently reporting “a lot of pain” in site other than back | 34 (33%) | 28 (29%) | 28 (28%) | 0.643 |
| Duration of back pain, mean days (SD) | 321.7 (433) | 412.0 (516) | 369.3 (437) | 0.397 |
| Baseline Measures of Primary Outcome Scores | ||||
| RDQ (modified), mean (SD) | 10.9 (5.0) | 11.4 (5.0) | 11.9 (4.6) | 0.371 |
| Pain bothersomeness rating, mean (SD) | 5.9 (1.6) | 5.9 (1.6) | 6.0 (1.6) | 0.906 |
| Baseline Measures of Secondary Outcome Scores | ||||
| Characteristic pain intensity, mean (SD) | 5.8 (1.3) | 5.8 (1.2) | 6.0 (1.3) | 0.613 |
| PHQ-8, mean (SD) | 5.5 (4.0) | 5.8 (4.5) | 5.7 (4.1) | 0.880 |
| GAD-2, mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.5 (1.5) | 1.3 (1.4) | 0.424 |
| SF-12 Physical, mean (SD) | 39.8 (7.1) | 39.9 (8.5) | 38.0 (7.5) | 0.136 |
| SF-12 Mental, mean (SD) | 39.8 (7.4) | 39.0 (8.4) | 41.0 (8.0) | 0.214 |
| Health-related quality of life (SF-6D) | 70.8 (12.2) | 69.5 (12.4) | 68.0 (13.3) | 0.438 |
| Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) | 72.0 (15.2) | 73.8 (11.7) | 72.7 (14.4) | 0.677 |
| Any medication use for LBP in past week | 76 (75%) | 75 (77%) | 73 (72%) | 0.789 |
| Opioids use for LBP in past week | 10 (10%) | 12 (12%) | 14 (14%) | 0.669 |
| Back-specific exercise >3 days in past week | 38 (37%) | 39 (40%) | 38 (38%) | 0.924 |
| General exercise >3 days in past week | 47 (46%) | 51 (52%) | 49 (49%) | 0.699 |
| Productivity measures, mean (SD) | ||||
| Hours per week absent because of LBP – measured for those employed only | 1.0 (2.4) | 1.0 (3.3) | 1.2 (4.0) | 0.862 |
| How much LBP affects work 0=no effect, 10=completely prevents work – measured for those employed only | 2.9 (2.2) | 2.1 (2.1) | 2.8 (2.2) | 0.043 |
| How much LBP affects regular activities 0=no effect, 10=completely prevents activities - measured on all | 3.5 (2.2) | 3.4 (2.1) | 3.9 (2.2) | 0.337 |