Table 3.

Average Resource Use, Productivity Loss, and Health-Related Quality of Life

	UC	CBT	MBSR	CBT-UC	MBSR-UC	MBSR-CBT
Healthcare utilization (all) over 12 months of the study net of previous year’s use (bootstrap BCa 95% CI)*
All office-based and outpatient care (visits)	−1.6 (−11.1, 3.2)	1.5 (−3.8, 8.1)	−1.1 (−5.7, 3.7)	3.1 (−4.3, 13.7)	0.5 (−6.4, 9.6)	−2.6 (−11.0, 3.9)
Emergency department (visits)	−0.1 (−0.8, 0.8)	0.0 (−1.1, 0.9)	0.5 (0.1, 1.3)	0.0 (−1.2, 1.3)	0.6 (−0.4, 1.5)	0.5 (−0.5, 1.7)
Hospital inpatient (stays)	0.2 (0.0, 1.1)	0.7 (0.1, 2.7)	0.0 (0.0, 0.1)	0.5 (−0.2, 2.2)	−0.2 (−1.1, 0.0)	−0.7 (−2.9, −0.1)
Pharmacy (prescriptions)	1.0 (−0.2, 2.0)	0.4 (−1.6, 2.1)	0.2 (−1.1, 2.0)	−0.7 (−2.9, 1.6)	−0.8 (−2.6, 1.2)	−0.1 (−2.5, 2.6)
Imaging (visits)	0.3 (−0.4, 1.0)	0.7 (0.0, 1.6)	0.2 (−0.6, 1.0)	0.4 (−0.7, 1.4)	−0.1 (−1.3, 0.9)	−0.5 (−1.7, 0.5)
Productivity loss (calculated as area under the curve net of baseline) due to LBP as reported by employed participants (bootstrap BCa 95% CI)*
Absenteeism lost hours	25.7 (12, 49)	32.2 (13, 64)	35.0 (17, 62)	6.5 (−20, 40)	9.3 (−16, 41)	2.8 (−30, 34)
Presenteeism lost hours	104.3 (63, 153)	83.4 (40, 127)	101.0 (62, 142)	−20.9 (−83, 43)	−3.2 (−65, 56)	17.6 (−40, 80)
Health-related quality of life (SF-6D, score out of 100) mean (95% CI)†
Baseline	70.3 (46, 94)	69.5 (45, 94)	68.7 (46, 91)	−0.8 (−4.1, 2.5)	−1.6 (−4.9, 1.7)	−0.8 (−4.1, 2.5)
4 weeks	70.8 (48, 94)	72.5 (48, 97)	71.0 (46, 96)	1.7 (−1.9, 5.3)	0.2 (−3.3, 3.7)	−1.5 (−5.2, 2.2)
8 weeks	72.3 (47, 98)	76.3 (53, 100)	75.7 (50, 101)	3.9 (0.3, 7.6)	3.4 (−0.4, 7.1)	−0.6 (−4.5, 3.4)
26 weeks	72.6 (47, 98)	77.3 (50, 104)	75.8 (49, 103)	4.7 (0.6, 8.8)	3.2 (−0.7, 7.1)	−1.5 (−5.8, 2.8)
52 weeks	74.6 (50, 99)	77.6 (54, 101)	76.6 (50, 103)	3.0 (−0.7, 6.7)	2.0 (−1.9, 5.8)	−1.0 (−5.0, 3.0)

^*Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap 95% confidence interval.

^†Standard error-based 95% confidence interval adjusted for missing data imputation estimate variance.

CI = confidence interval.