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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017 Oct 15;42(20):1511–1520. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002344

Table 5.

Sensitivity Analyses (2013 US Dollars)*

Usual Care (UC) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) CBT-UC MBSR-UC MBSR-CBT
Total overall healthcare (payer) costs (Base case) $2265 ($778, $5542) $2760 ($896, $5613) $1283 (−$263, $3011) $495 (−$2741, $3550) −$982 (−$4108, $1301) −$1477 (−$4956, $1017)
Total healthcare costs without adjustment for enrollment <1 year $2199 ($727, $5534) $2560 ($745, $5197) $1217 (−$327, $2948) $361 (−$2838, $3328) −$982 (−$4101, $1313) −$1343 (−$4498, $1152)

Total Societal costs (Base case) $6304 ($4193, $9805) $6428 ($3676, $10262) $5580 ($3465, $8343) $125 (−$4103, $4347) −$724 (−$4386, $2778) −$849 (−$5338, $2662)
Lost productivity from absenteeism assuming all employed work 40 hours per week (1) $1028 ($561, $1802) $1451 ($709, $2713) $1171 ($610, $2136) $423 (−$667, $1751) $143 (−$748, $1206) −$280 (−$1719, $831)
Lost productivity from presenteeism assuming all employed work 40 hours per week (2) $4302 ($2994, $5726) $2865 ($1449, $4165) $2976 ($1845, $4311) −$1437 (−$3524, $393) −$1326 (−$3237, $552) $111 (−$1582, $2038)
Lost productivity from presenteeism assuming all are employed (3) $5250 ($3538, $7105) $3916 ($2361, $5529) $3982 ($2505, $5768) −$1335 (−$3773, $1250) −$1268 (−$3748, $1050) $67 (−$2193, $2327)
Total Societal costs including (1) and (2) $7575 ($5425, $10729) $7135 ($4223, $10971) $5482 ($3314, $8084) −$440 (−$4829, $3680) −$2093 (−$5890, $1359) −$1653 (−$6213, $1990)
Total Societal costs including (1) and (3) $8524 ($5808, $11596) $8186 ($5197, $12078) $6489 ($4130, $9183) −$338 (−$4713, $4250) −$2035 (−$5814, $2008) −$1697 (−$6520, $1899)
*

All confidence intervals for costs are bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap generated 95% confidence intervals.