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. 2017 Nov 15;8:1529. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01529

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Copyright © 2017 Amadio, Parisi, Piras, Fabbrizio, Apolloni, Montilli, Luchetti, Ruggieri, Gasperini, Laghi-Pasini, Battistini and Volonté.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) chemokine is up-regulated in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis frontal cortex. Equal amount of total protein extracts of cortical tissue (15 μg/well) from different tissue blocks (A5C3, A5B3, A3B1, A1A2, A2A1, and A2B2) of multiple sclerosis (MS) cases MS114, MS125, and MS163 was analyzed by western blotting for the expression of MCP-1 chemokine with respect to control cases (C12–101, C12–112, C13–010, C13–022, and C14–069). β-actin was used for protein normalization. Statistical significance was calculated by Student’s t-test, *p < 0.05. Results are shown as mean ± SEM.