Table 7.

Preclinical and clinical studies relating to the use of robotics in other, miscellaneous areas of plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Reference	Year	Study design	Operations performed	Outcomes reported
Microvascular surgery
Dombre et al. (80)	2003	Live animal model	Skin graft (N not reported)	Robotically harvested skin samples were of the same quality as manually harvested ones
Taghizadeh et al. (81)	2014	Human cadaver	“Necklift” platysmaplasty—a short incision facelift with concomitant robot-assisted neck lift (N = 6)	Successful necklift procedures, with certain areas for improvement in surgical methodology suggested when using robotic systems (hard to interpret)
Shi et al. (82)	2017	Live animal model	Mandibular bone drilling osteotomy (N = 1)	The robotically assisted drilling demonstrated more accurate drill positioning, increased stability and accuracy, and relieved surgeon fatigue so as to reduce facial trauma
Clinical studies
Ciudad et al. (83)	2016	Case-report	Tight gastroepiploic lymph node flap (RGE-LNF) for the treatment of lymphedema of the extremities (N = 1)	Successful flap harvest, but no postoperative surgical outcomes reported
			Microvascular procedures performed with standard technique

The number of procedures carried out in each study is documented and represented as N number.