Figure 3.
Increased release of cytokines and chemokines by iodide-treated leukocytes. (A) 5 × 106 leukocytes were left unstimulated (US) with PBS or treated with 1 mM NaI for 72 h. The supernatants were collected, and protein levels of cytokines/chemokines were analyzed utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (B) Same as in panel (A), but instead leukocytes were incubated with 500 µM Lugol’s iodine for 72 h, and then the supernatant was analyzed for cytokine levels. Detected ranges for cytokine secretion are (IFNγ: 5–1,005 pg/mL, IL6: 10–2,500 pg/mL, IL10: 26–482 pg/mL, IL8-CXCL8: 0.3–230 ng/mL, and CCL2: 15–65 ng/mL). Cytokine concentrations were normalized based on fold changes over each US pair and was then averaged and graphed as fold increase ± SEM of at least seven donors.