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. 2017 Nov 15;196(10):1275–1286. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0170OC

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

Mitochondrial transfer via human mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles modulates human monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) function through enhancement of macrophage oxidative phosphorylation. (A) Addition of oligomycin (olig; reversible ATP synthase inhibitor) prevented the suppression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by MSC culture medium (CM) (n = 5 for all groups but dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO; n = 4]). (B) Oligomycin also prevented MSC CM enhancement of the proportion of (Bi) phagocytic MDMs and (Bii) phagocytic index (Phago; n = 7 for all groups). Pretreatment of MSCs with rhodamine 6G (an irreversible ATP synthase inhibitor) similarly reversed MSC CM capacity to (C) suppress TNF-α production (n = 4 all groups), (D) enhance the phagocytic capacity of MDMs (n = 4 all groups), and (E) promote M2 marker CD206 expression (n = 5 for all groups). All analyses were done by one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. FITC = fluorescein isothiocyanate; MFI = median fluorescence intensity.