Table 1.

Summary of study characteristics.

First author (year)	Study Design	Demographics	TMP-SMX based therapy		No. patients evaluated for relapse, n	Relapse, n (%)	Follow-up
			Acute	Maintenance
Pre-HAART
Torre (1998) [5]	Randomized	N = 77	TMP-SMX	TMP-SMX	37	1 (3%)	4 months
			Trimethoprim (10 mg/kg/day) plus sulfamethoxazole (50 mg/kg/day)	Trimethoprim (5 mg/kg/day) plus sulfamethoxazole (25 mg/kg/day)
		Male: 57 (75%)
		Mean age: 33.2 yrs (±5.6)
		TMP-SMXn = 40
		Male: 28 (70.0%)
		Mean age: 34.0 yrs (±6.4)
Torre (1998) [10]	Retrospective cohort	N = 71	TMP-SMZ	TMP-SMZ	71	5 (7%)	9 months
			TMP (10 mg/kg/day), plus SMX (50 mg/kg/day)	TMP (5 mg/kg/day), plus SMX (25 mg/kg/day)
		Male: 58 (81.7%)
		Mean age: 30.5 yrs ±4.9
Smadja (1998) [9]	Open, prospective trial	N = 18	TMP-SMX	TMP-SMX	17	7 (41%)	n.r.
		Male: 11 (61%)	First 48 h: TMP (640 mg/day) plus SMX (3.2 g/day)	TMP (160 mg/day), plus SMX (800 mg/day)
		Median age: 39 yrs
			Next two weeks: TMP (480 mg/day) plus SMX (2.4 g/day)
			Until disappearance of active lesions: TMP (320 mg/day) plus SMX (1.6 g/day)
Chaddha (1999) [8]	Prospective	N = 11	PYR ± TMP-SMX	TMP-SMX	10	2 (20%)	3–6 months
				TMP (160 mg/day), plus SMX (800 mg/day)
		Male: 10 (91%)	PYR (200 mg loading dose followed by 75 mg/day) plus TMP (20 mg/kg/day) plus SMX (100 mg/kg/day)
		Mean age: 32 ± 4 yrs
Post-HAART
Duval (2004) [7]	Prospective cohort	N = 17	NR	TMP-SMX	17	1 (6%)	31 months
				TMP (160 mg/BID), plus SMX (800 mg/BID)
		Male: 13
Beraud (2009) [6]	Observational prospective cohort	N = 83	TMP-SMX	TMP-SMX	83	25 (30%)	Mean 36.1 ± 36.9 months
		Male: 56 (67.5%)	TMP (10–50 mg/kg/day) plus SMX (50–250 mg/kg/day)	TMP (160 mg/day), plus SMX (800 mg/day)
		Mean age: 39.8 ± 11.0 yrs

n.r., not reported; PYR, pyrimethamine; TMP-SMX, trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole.