(A) Confocal microscopy images of PA-1 cells treated with 5 µM FITC-labelled peptides at 37°C for 2 h. Scale bar, 20 µm. DAPI: blue; peptide: green. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of PA-1 cells treated with 5 µM FITC-labelled peptides at 37°C for 2 h (blank-red, TAT-cyan, MeR-green, PhR-purple). (C, D) Viability of two p53 mutant cancer cells (MDA-231 and skov3) and two normal cells (HEK-293 and QSG-7701). Skov-3, MDA-MB-231, HEK-293 and QSG-7701 were incubated with 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 µM MeR or PhR for 48 h. Both MeR and PhR had little effect on the cell growth and proliferation. Error bars represent SEMs of at least three independent measurements. (E, F) Viability of two p53wt cancer cells (MCF-7 and PA-1). PA-1 and MCF-7 cells were incubated with 5, 10, 20, 40 and 50 µM MeR, PhR or their epimers-MeS and PhS for 48 h. Error bars represent SEMs of at least three independent measurements. (G) PhR inhibits p53-MDM2 binding in cancer cells. PA-1 cells were incubated with 40 μM PhR or equivalent volume of DMSO for 24 h, and the levels of p53, MDM2 were determined in protein complexes immunoprecipitated with anti-MDMX or anti-p53 antibodies by Western blotting.