Table 5.

Significant predictor variables in multivariate proportional hazards analyses

Outcome	Predictor variable	HR	95% CI, HR	P value
Single heart rate determination
All‐cause death	Carvedilol‐equiv dose (mg)	0.983	0.970, 0.997	0.017
	NE level (ng/mL)	1.0007	1.0002, 1.0011	0.002
	H/M	0.078	0.0201, 0.288	0.0001
Cardiac death	Carvedilol‐equiv dose (mg)	0.984	0.968, 1.001	0.059
	NE level (ng/mL)	1.0007	1.0003, 1.0012	0.002
	H/M	0.044	0.008, 0.228	0.0002
Arrhythmic event	H/M	0.244	0.076, 0.780	0.018
Mean heart rate, multiple determinations
All‐cause death	Carvedilol‐equiv dose (mg)	0.984	0.970, 0.998	0.024
	NE level (ng/mL)	1.0006	1.0002, 1.0010	0.003
	H/M	0.082	0.022, 0.308	0.0002
Cardiac death	Carvedilol‐equiv dose (mg)	0.986	0.969, 1.002	0.089
	NE level (ng/mL)	1.0007	1.0002, 1.0011	0.004
	H/M	0.051	0.008, 0.228	0.0005
Arrhythmic event	H/M	0.330	0.097, 1.123	0.077

CI, confidence interval; H/M, heart to mediastinum ratio; HR, hazard ratio; NE, norepinephrine.

Variables tested: carvedilol‐equivalent dose, norepinephrine level, baseline heart rate, and H/M ratio.