Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients, categorized according to left ventricular reverse remodeling status during follow‐up
| Total cohort n = 295 | LVRR absent n = 242 | LVRR present n = 53 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 66 [57–74] | 66 [58–75] | 63 [55–73] |
| Male/female (%) | 83/17 | 85/15 | 74/26 |
| Alcohol use: no/yes/missing (%) | 82/17/1 | 83/17/0 | 79/19/2 |
| Current smoker | 167 (57%) | 135 (56%) | 32 (60%) |
| Diabetes | 90 (31%) | 74 (31%) | 16 (30%) |
| Arterial hypertension | 181 (61%) | 147 (61%) | 34 (64%) |
| Ischaemic CMP | 142 (48%) | 119 (49%) | 23 (43%) |
| Dilated CMP | 105 (36%) | 87 (36%) | 18 (34%) |
| De novo HF* | 142 (48%) | 102 (42%) | 40 (75%) |
| ACE‐I/ARB | 288 (98%) | 236 (98%) | 52 (98%) |
| Beta blocker | 263 (89%) | 216 (89%) | 47 (89%) |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 155 (53%) | 130 (54%) | 25 (47%) |
| Loop diuretic* | 259 (88%) | 217 (90%) | 42 (79%) |
| Cardiac rehabilitation | 117 (40%) | 94 (39%) | 23 (43%) |
| ICD* | 78 (26%) | 74 (31%) | 4 (8%) |
| CRT* | 40 (14%) | 39 (16%) | 1 (2%) |
| Obesity | 47 (16%) | 34 (14%) | 13 (25%) |
| BMI at inclusion (kg/m2)* | 25 [23–28] | 25 [22–27] | 27 [24–30] |
| BMI at second exam (kg/m2) | 25 [23–29] | 25 [22–28] | 27 [23–30] |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 75 [65–90] | 74 [65–90] | 77 [70–92] |
| LVEF (%)* | 30 ± 9 | 30 [25–36] | 27 [22–31] |
| LVEDDi (mm/m2) | 34 [31–38] | 35 [32–39] | 32 [30–37] |
| LVEDVi (mL/m2)* | 115 [97–138] | 120 [99–145] | 98 [91–118] |
ACE‐I, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CMP, cardiomyopathy; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; HF, heart failure; ICD, internal cardioverter defibrillator; LVEDDi, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter per m2; LVEDVi, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume per m2; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVRR, left ventricular reverse remodelling.
*
P < 0.05 in LVRR vs. non‐LVRR patients.