Table 3.

Adjusted odds of clinical deterioration outcomes within six hours of receiving an opioid or benzodiazepine^*. Odds ratios reflect the change in odds associated with the equivalent of 15 mg oral morphine or 1 mg oral lorazepam.

Outcome	Opioids		Benzodiazepines
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Composite	1.019 (1.013 – 1.026)	< 0.001	1.29 (1.16–1.45)	< 0.001
ICU Transfer	1.019 (1.013–1.026)	< 0.001	1.29 (1.14–1.43)	< 0.001
Ward Cardiac Arrest	1.020 (0.985–1.057)	0.26	2.36 (1.43–3.90)	0.001

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit

^*Adjustment includes patient characteristics, ward unit, surgical status, prior ICU admission, 24-hour cumulative opioid/benzodiazepine dose, and eCART score