Table 3.
Median Levels (ranges) and Diagnostic Ability of Salivary Biomarkers and Plaque Biofilm Pathogens
| Biomarker | Group A Healthy (median [range]) | Group B Gingivitis (median [range]) | Group C Mild Chronic Periodontitis (median [range]) | Group D Moderate to Severe Chronic Periodontitis (median [range]) | P Values Comparing A Through D | P Values Comparing A and B Versus C and D | AUC | Importance Score via Random Forest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| MMP-8 (ng/ml) | 23.6 (2.5 to 322.5) | 54.1 (1 to 473.9) | 129.9 (8.5 to 978.9) | 203.8 (10.1 to 2,681.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.75 | 7.1 |
| OPG (pg/ml) | 2.3 (1.4 to 6.6) | 2.7 (1.2 to 6.2) | 1.9 (0.2 to 10.1) | 1.6 (0.5 to 11.8) | 0.056 | 0.007 | 0.62 | 6.3 |
| MMP-9 (ng/ml) | 106.4 (10 to 1,185.7) | 225.8 (4.9 to 1,732.2) | 301.6 (4.6 to 3,348.1) | 780.8 (10.4 to 9,778.2) | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.72 | 5.1 |
| Calprotectin (ng/ml) | 3.0 (1.3 to 10) | 3.5 (0 to 24.6) | 4.3 (0 to 17.8) | 5.4 (1.7 to 97.6) | 0.082 | 0.023 | 0.68 | 4.7 |
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 158.6 (0 to 6,000) | 206.7 (0 to 3,856.8) | 247.5 (24.1 to 3,120) | 462.2 (15.7 to 6,000) | 0.157 | 0.059 | 0.72 | 3.7 |
| ICTP (ng/ml) | 0.9 (0 to 4) | 0.8 (0 to 4) | 0.6 (0 to 5.4) | 0.9 (0 to 13.9) | 0.195 | 0.185 | 0.58 | 3.2 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 0.0 (0 to 1,915) | 22.1 (0 to 8,784.9) | 14.6 (0 to 5,259.7) | 88.7 (0 to 10,816.9) | 0.127 | 0.092 | 0.71 | 2.2 |
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 881.4 (0 to 11,088.8) | 120.6 (0 to 45,488.9) | 1,153.1 (0 to 24,581.4) | 1,445.1 (0 to 30,633.1) | 0.618 | 0.329 | 0.68 | 1.9 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 9.8 (0 to 1,788.3) | 0.0 (0 to 3,720.5) | 8.1 (0 to 4,370.2) | 0.0 (0 to 8,212.7) | 0.483 | 0.954 | 0.64 | 1.8 |
| IL-13 (pg/ml) | 14.3 (0 to 83,151.1) | 0.0 (0 to 92,423.8) | 0.0 (0 to 76,046) | 169.9 (0 to 75,445.2) | 0.780 | 0.783 | 0.64 | 1.5 |
| IL-4 (pg/ml) | 0.0 (0 to 5,315.1) | 0.0 (0 to 6,579.3) | 54.4 (0 to 14,588) | 69.5 (0 to 11,714.3) | 0.377 | 0.086 | 0.71 | 1.3 |
| IL-2 (pg/ml) | 0.0 (0 to 3,718.1) | 0.0 (0 to 6,000) | 8.0 (0 to 6,205.5) | 0.0 (0 to 14,400.1) | 0.421 | 0.178 | 0.69 | 1.2 |
| T. denticola (%) | 0.11 (0 to 0.54) | 0.10 (0 to 2.95) | 1.53 (0 to 5.25) | 2.34 (0.79 to 6.63) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.86 | 13.7 |
| P. gingivalis (%) | 0.05 (0 to 0.9) | 0.04 (0 to 0.66) | 0.53(0 to 2.36) | 1.00 (0.43 to 3.24) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.84 | 9.6 |
| T. forsythia (%) | 0.09 (0 to 0.88) | 0.07 (0 to 0.8) | 0.71 (0 to 3.16) | 1.26 (0.11 to 3.55) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.85 | 8.4 |
| P. intermedia (%) | 0.11 (0 to 1.17) | 0.20 (0 to 1.99) | 0.82 (0 to 3.77) | 1.85 (0 to 3.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.79 | 6.7 |
| C. rectus (%) | 0.00 (0 to 1.22) | 0.00 (0 to 1.18) | 0.66 (0 to 2.82) | 1.32 (0 to 3.34) | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.74 | 4.7 |
| F. nucleatum (%) | 2.96 (0 to 8.27) | 2.33 (0 to 7.32) | 3.29 (0 to 10.74) | 3.30 (0 to 9.56) | 0.251 | 0.196 | 0.59 | 3.9 |
| E. corrodens (%) | 0.00 (0 to 0.96) | 0.00 (0 to 1.04) | 0.00 (0 to 1.32) | 0.00 (0 to 0.1) | 0.697 | 0.259 | 0.56 | 0.3 |