Table 2.

Lifestyle programmes evaluated in studies in this review

Intensive trial-based lifestyle programmes
Clinical trial on which intervention is based	Included studies in this review	Number of sessions	Length of intervention	Staff delivering programme	Group or individual
US Diabetes Prevention Program (USDPP)	47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 28, 63, 58	16 core sessions, monthly follow-up	2.8 years	Exercise physiologists, dieticians, case managers	Predominantly individual
USDPP and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study	40, 57, 29, 61	Years 1–3: 16 core sessions, monthly follow-up Year 4: 16-session group programme Years 5–10: quarterly 1-hour group sessions, two additional ‘BOOST’ sessions per year for participants originally randomised to lifestyle group	10 years	Exercise physiologists, dieticians, case managers	Individual and group
Finnish DPS lifestyle programme	46	Year 1: seven visits Year 2 onwards: four visits per annum YMCA gym membership to enable two supervised exercise sessions per week	5 years	Dietician	Individual dietician visits, group exercise sessions
	52	Year 1: seven visits Year 2 onwards: four visits per annum Supervised circuit-type training	6 years	Nutritionist	Individual visits, group exercise sessions
	55	Weekly visits for 1 month, monthly for a further 3 months, quarterly thereafter	As long as participant has impaired glucose tolerance	Dietician, exercise physiologist	Individual
Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme	64	Individual sessions twice a year, monthly phone calls	3 years	Dieticians, social workers and helpers	Individual
Da Qing Lifestyle Program	62	Individual counselling by physicians or group counselling in nine sessions/year	6 years	Physicians	Individual and group
DE-PLAN-CAT/PREDICE	44	4×90 min teaching sessions Reinforced with telephone calls, text messages, letters and interviews every 6–8 weeks	4.2 years	Doctors and nurses	Individual or group
Translational community-based lifestyle programmes
Community-based translations of USDPP	60	16 core sessions in community setting, monthly follow-up	3 years	Diabetologists and dieticians	NR
	53	Nationwide programme Year 1: 16 core sessions, postcore sessions every six months Year 2: eight maintenance sessions Year 3: 1–2 sessions	3 years	Lifestyle coaches in years 1 and 2, any healthcare provider thereafter	Group
	41	12 sessions	12–14-week intervention, 1-year follow-up	Health professionals, lay workers	Group
Hypothetical lifestyle programme	56	Eight core sessions Follow-up: quarterly sessions, monthly calls or emails, newsletter, quarterly journal	5 years	Prevention managers	Group
UEA-IFG	42	Four core education sessions and group exercise sessions Peer support groups Telephone peer support from volunteers	7 months	Physiotherapists, diabetes prevention facilitators, volunteers (people with T2DM for >2 years)
Kalmar Metabolic Syndrome Program	43	NR	1 year	NR	NR

NR, Not reported; YMCA, The Young Men’s Christian Association, a worldwide organisation providing local community services.