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. 2017 Nov 8;7(11):e016208. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016208

Table 4.

Risk factors possibly contributing to failure of IR, unadjusted ORs (95% CI) for failed IR per risk factor

Risk factors Number of women Unadjusted OR (95% CI) for failed IR
Failed IR, n=12 n, % Successful IR, n=87 n, %
Demographic factors
 Maternal age ≥35 years 5 (41.7) 33 (37.9) 1.1 (0.3 to 3.9)
 BMI at booking ≥30 kg/m2 2 (18.2)  3 (3.9) 5.6 (0.8 to 37.6)
Obstetric factors
 Twins 1 (8.3)  6 (6.9) 1.2 (0.1 to 11.1)
 Preterm gestational age <37 weeks
 Preterm gestational age <34 weeks
7 (58.3)
3 (25.0)
28 (32.2)
 6 (6.8)
2.9 (0.8 to 10.1)
4.5 (0.9 to 21.1)
 Parity ≥3 3 (25.0)  8 (9.2) 3.2 (0.7 to14.6)
 Previous caesarean delivery 7 (58.3) 21 (24.1) 4.4 (1.2 to 15.3)*
 Caesarean delivery (≥22 weeks) 8 (72.7) 42 (48.3) 2.1 (0.6 to 7.6)
 Induction of labour
 Augmentation of labour
3 (25.0)
2 (16.7)
25 (28.7)
26 (29.9)
0.8 (0.2 to 3.3)
0. (0.09 to 2.2)
Cause of haemorrhage
 Atony 7 (63.6) 52 (62.7) 0.9 (0.2 to 3.2)
  AIP and AIP+praevia 7 (58.3) 14 (16.1) 7.3 (2.0 to 26.3)*
 Surgical trauma 2 (16.7)  6 (6.9) 2.7 (0.4 to 15.2)
 Genital tract laceration 1 (8.3) 10 (11.5) 0.7 (0.08 to 6.0)
First-line and second-line treatment
 Uterotonic agents 8 (66.7) 82 (94.3) 0.1 (0.02 to 0.5)*
 No use of uterotonic agents 4 (33.3)  5 (5.7) 8.2 (1.8 to 36.8)*
 Intra-uterine balloon 3 (25.0) 26 (29.9) 0.7 (0.1 to 3.1)
 Clotting factors IV 2 (16.7)  8 (9.2) 1.9 (0.3 to 10.6)
 FFP 7 (58.3) 54 (62.1) 0.8 (0.2 to 2.9)
Organisational factors
 Planned intervention 2 (14) 10 (12) 1.5 (0.3 to 8.0)
 Weekend and/or non-office hours† 5/10 (50.0) 51/85 (60.0) 0.6 (0.1 to 2.4)
 IR NOT available‡ 3 (25.0) 10 (11.4) 2.5 (0.6 to 11.1)
 Emergency IR NOT available‡ 6 (50.0) 20 (22.9) 3.3 (0.9 to 11.5)
 Postnatal transfer 3 (25.0) 13 (14.9) 1.9 (0.4 to 7.9)

*p<0.05.

†Based on date and time of delivery.

‡IR service availability (24/7 and not 24/7) in the maternity unit where the woman gave birth.

‡Emergency IR service availability (24/7) in the maternity unit where the woman gave birth.

AIP, abnormally invasive placenta; BMI, body mass index; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; IR, interventional radiology.