Table 4.
Risk factors | Number of women | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) for failed IR | |
Failed IR, n=12 n, % | Successful IR, n=87 n, % | ||
Demographic factors | |||
Maternal age ≥35 years | 5 (41.7) | 33 (37.9) | 1.1 (0.3 to 3.9) |
BMI at booking ≥30 kg/m2 | 2 (18.2) | 3 (3.9) | 5.6 (0.8 to 37.6) |
Obstetric factors | |||
Twins | 1 (8.3) | 6 (6.9) | 1.2 (0.1 to 11.1) |
Preterm gestational age <37 weeks Preterm gestational age <34 weeks |
7 (58.3) 3 (25.0) |
28 (32.2) 6 (6.8) |
2.9 (0.8 to 10.1) 4.5 (0.9 to 21.1) |
Parity ≥3 | 3 (25.0) | 8 (9.2) | 3.2 (0.7 to14.6) |
Previous caesarean delivery | 7 (58.3) | 21 (24.1) | 4.4 (1.2 to 15.3)* |
Caesarean delivery (≥22 weeks) | 8 (72.7) | 42 (48.3) | 2.1 (0.6 to 7.6) |
Induction of labour Augmentation of labour |
3 (25.0) 2 (16.7) |
25 (28.7) 26 (29.9) |
0.8 (0.2 to 3.3) 0. (0.09 to 2.2) |
Cause of haemorrhage | |||
Atony | 7 (63.6) | 52 (62.7) | 0.9 (0.2 to 3.2) |
AIP and AIP+praevia | 7 (58.3) | 14 (16.1) | 7.3 (2.0 to 26.3)* |
Surgical trauma | 2 (16.7) | 6 (6.9) | 2.7 (0.4 to 15.2) |
Genital tract laceration | 1 (8.3) | 10 (11.5) | 0.7 (0.08 to 6.0) |
First-line and second-line treatment | |||
Uterotonic agents | 8 (66.7) | 82 (94.3) | 0.1 (0.02 to 0.5)* |
No use of uterotonic agents | 4 (33.3) | 5 (5.7) | 8.2 (1.8 to 36.8)* |
Intra-uterine balloon | 3 (25.0) | 26 (29.9) | 0.7 (0.1 to 3.1) |
Clotting factors IV | 2 (16.7) | 8 (9.2) | 1.9 (0.3 to 10.6) |
FFP | 7 (58.3) | 54 (62.1) | 0.8 (0.2 to 2.9) |
Organisational factors | |||
Planned intervention | 2 (14) | 10 (12) | 1.5 (0.3 to 8.0) |
Weekend and/or non-office hours† | 5/10 (50.0) | 51/85 (60.0) | 0.6 (0.1 to 2.4) |
IR NOT available‡ | 3 (25.0) | 10 (11.4) | 2.5 (0.6 to 11.1) |
Emergency IR NOT available‡ | 6 (50.0) | 20 (22.9) | 3.3 (0.9 to 11.5) |
Postnatal transfer | 3 (25.0) | 13 (14.9) | 1.9 (0.4 to 7.9) |
*p<0.05.
†Based on date and time of delivery.
‡IR service availability (24/7 and not 24/7) in the maternity unit where the woman gave birth.
‡Emergency IR service availability (24/7) in the maternity unit where the woman gave birth.
AIP, abnormally invasive placenta; BMI, body mass index; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; IR, interventional radiology.