Table 3.
HSPSC items*† | Germany (exploratory factor analysis) |
USA (Sorra and Nieva 2004) | England (UK)(Waterson et al., 2010) | Scotland (UK) (Sarac et al., 2011) | France (Occelli et al., 2013) | Switzerland (Perneger, 2013) | Switzerland (Pfeiffer and Manser 2010) |
Netherlands (Smits et al.,2008) | Sweden (Hedsköld et al., 2013) | Slovenia (Robida, 2013) | Turkey (Bodur, 2010) | Palestine (Najjar et al., 2013) |
01. Teamwork within units | ||||||||||||
A1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A11 | (N) | 1 | (N) | 1 | (N) | 1 | (N) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
02. Organisational learning | ||||||||||||
A6 | (N) | 2 | (N) | 2 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
A9 | (N) | 2 | (N) | 2 | 8 | 2 | (N) | 8 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
A13 | (N) | 2 | (N) | 2 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 8 | (N) | 2 | 2 |
03. Non-punitive response to error | ||||||||||||
A8 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
A12 | 3 | 3 | (N) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
A16 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
04. Staffing | ||||||||||||
A2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
A5 | 4 | 4 | (N) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 |
A7 | (N) | 4 | (N) | 4 | (N) | 4 | (N) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | (N) |
A14 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
05. Overall perceptions of safety | ||||||||||||
A10 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | (N) |
A15 | (N) | 5 | (N) | 4 | 5 | 5 | (N) | (N) | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
A17 | (N) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
A18 | (N) | 5 | (N) | (N) | 5 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
06. Supervisor/manager expectations/actions | ||||||||||||
B1 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
B2 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
B3 | (N) | 6 | (N) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
B4 | 6 | 6 | (N) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
07. Frequency of event reporting | ||||||||||||
D1 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
D2 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
D3 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
08. Feedback and communication about error | ||||||||||||
C1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | (N) |
C3 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
C5 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
09. Communication openness | ||||||||||||
C2 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
C4 | (N) | 9 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
C6 | (N) | 9 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 8 | (N) | 9 | 3 | (N) | 8 | (N) |
10. Hospital management support for patient safety | ||||||||||||
F1 | 10 | 10 | (N) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
F8 | 10 | 10 | (N) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
F9 | 10 | 10 | (N) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
11. Teamwork across hospital units | ||||||||||||
F2 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 |
F4 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 |
F6 | 11 | 11 | (N) | (N) | 11 | 11 | 11 | (N) | 12 | 11 | 12 | 11 |
F10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 |
12. Hospital handoffs and transitions | ||||||||||||
F3 | (N) | 12 | 12 | (N) | 11 | 11 | 11 | (N) | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 |
F5 | (N) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | (N) | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 |
F7 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | (N) | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 |
F11 | (N) | 12 | 12 | 12 | (N) | 11 | (N) | 12 | 12 | (N) | 12 | 12 |
Note: The uncoloured cells represent ‘No change’ compared with original 12-factor model.
Coloured boxes indicate items that were deleted (N) or moved to different dimension (dimension numbers 1–12); (N): items removed from factor model.
*01–12, corresponding dimension according to original North-American 12-factor model.
†A1–A18; B1–B4; C1–C6; D1–D3; F1–F11: Codes of the questionnaire items.
HSPSC, Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture.