Table 4.
Significantly (p≤0.001) associated comorbidity in children diagnosed with only allergic rhinitis (AR) and at least 3-year follow-up versus controls (non-atopic children) (n=13 670)
| ICPC | Description of ICPC codes | OR | 95% CI | Prevalence | OR sex | OR age | ||||
| AR | No AR | Boy | Girl | 2–6 | 7–12 | 13–18 | ||||
| Skin-related diseases and symptoms | ||||||||||
| A76 | Viral exanthem, other† | 0.86 | 0.47 to 1.60 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.64 | 4.51 | ||
| S03 | Warts | 1.26 | 1.10 to 1.43 | 7.65 | 6.20 | |||||
| S74 | Dermatophytosis | 1.39 | 1.15 to 1.68 | 3.85 | 2.79 | |||||
| S82 | Naevus/mole | 1.39 | 1.15 to 1.67 | 3.99 | 2.91 | |||||
| S84 | Impetigo | 1.71 | 1.35 to 2.15 | 2.87 | 1.71 | |||||
| S98 | Urticaria | 1.71 | 1.31 to 2.23 | 2.15 | 1.27 | |||||
| S86 | Seborrheic dermatitis | 1.86 | 1.38 to 2.53 | 1.76 | 0.95 | |||||
| S02 | Pruritus | 2.21 | 1.44 to 3.38 | 0.99 | 0.45 | |||||
| Airway-related diseases and symptoms | ||||||||||
| R05 | Cough | 1.89 | 1.58 to 2.25 | 5.24 | 2.85 | |||||
| R74 | Upper respiratory infection, acute | 1.92 | 1.66 to 2.23 | 8.00 | 4.35 | |||||
| R78 | Acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis | 2.32 | 1.60 to 3.37 | 1.35 | 0.59 | |||||
| R02 | Shortness of breath/dyspnoea | 2.67 | 1.74 to 4.11 | 1.13 | 0.42 | |||||
| R80 | Influenza | 3.89 | 1.79 to 8.47 | 0.45 | 0.12 | |||||
| R03 | Wheezing | 4.30 | 1.89 to 9.80 | 0.44 | 0.10 | |||||
| Ear-nose-throat-related diseases and symptoms | ||||||||||
| R21 | Throat symptom/complaint | 1.48 | 1.20 to 1.84 | 3.13 | 2.14 | |||||
| H01 | Ear pain/earache | 1.87 | 1.36 to 2.56 | 1.62 | 0.88 | |||||
| R90 | Hypertrophy tonsils/adenoids† | 1.92 | 1.34 to 2.74 | 1.30 | 0.69 | 3.22 | 2.80 | 1.04 | ||
| R75 | Sinusitis acute/chronic | 1.95 | 1.45 to 2.63 | 1.89 | 0.98 | |||||
| R08 | Nose symptom/complaint, other | 2.62 | 1.72 to 4.00 | 1.14 | 0.44 | |||||
| R07 | Sneezing/nasal congestion | 3.93 | 2.57 to 6.01 | 1.54 | 0.40 | |||||
| Gastrointestinal-related diseases and symptoms | ||||||||||
| D12 | Constipation | 1.50 | 1.23 to 1.82 | 3.79 | 2.57 | |||||
| D06 | Abdominal pain, localised, other | 1.76 | 1.39 to 2.22 | 2.90 | 1.67 | |||||
| D73 | Gastroenteritis, presumed infection* | 1.96 | 1.42 to 2.71 | 1.59 | 0.82 | 1.29 | 3.39 | |||
| Musculoskeletal | ||||||||||
| L98 | Acquired deformity of limb | 1.36 | 1.15 to 1.62 | 4.54 | 3.37 | |||||
| L17 | Foot/toe symptom/complaint | 1.42 | 1.19 to 1.70 | 4.40 | 3.15 | |||||
| L13 | Hip symptom/complaint | 2.80 | 1.66 to 4.74 | 0.78 | 0.28 | |||||
| Miscellaneous | ||||||||||
| N19 | Speech disorder* | 1.18 | 0.85 to 1.65 | 1.17 | 0.99 | 0.89 | 2.43 | |||
| N01 | Headache | 1.45 | 1.18 to 1.78 | 3.29 | 2.30 | |||||
| P24 | Specific learning problem | 1.45 | 1.18 to 1.78 | 3.37 | 2.37 | |||||
| A04 | Weakness/tiredness, general | 1.58 | 1.35 to 1.85 | 6.10 | 3.96 | |||||
| F70 | Infectious conjunctivitis | 1.73 | 1.28 to 2.32 | 1.76 | 1.02 | |||||
| S12 | Insect bite/sting | 1.92 | 1.40 to 2.63 | 1.67 | 0.88 | |||||
| F72 | Blepharitis/stye/chalazion* | 1.95 | 1.36 to 2.79 | 1.27 | 0.66 | 1.21 | 3.29 | |||
| A12 | Allergy | 4.02 | 3.15 to 5.13 | 4.70 | 1.21 | |||||
| F71 | Allergic conjunctivitis | 5.44 | 4.08 to 7.25 | 4.29 | 0.82 | |||||
Italics mean overall model not significant.
*Significant (p≤0.01) influence of gender.
†Significant (p≤0.01) influence of age.
ICPC, International Classification of Primary Care.