Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for the quantitative study
| Variable (n, %) | Total (n=481) |
Normotensive (n=332) | Hypertensive (n=149) |
P value |
| Gender | 0.12 | |||
| Male | 123 (25.6%) | 78 (23.5%) | 45 (30.2%) | |
| Female | 358 (74.4%) | 254 (76.5%) | 104 (69.8%) | |
| Age | <0.01 | |||
| 18–39 years | 172 (35.8%) | 152 (45.8%) | 20 (13.4%) | |
| 40–59 years | 191 (39.7%) | 132 (39.8%) | 59 (39.6%) | |
| 60+ years | 118 (24.5%) | 48 (14.5%) | 70 (47.0%) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.40 | |||
| Chagga | 288 (59.9%) | 193 (58.1%) | 95 (63.7%) | |
| Pare | 66 (13.7%) | 51 (15.4%) | 15 (10.1%) | |
| Sambaa | 27 (5.6%) | 20 (6.0%) | 7 (4.7%) | |
| Other* | 100 (20.8%) | 68 (20.5%) | 32 (21.5%) | |
| Education | <0.01 | |||
| None | 31 (6.4%) | 11 (3.31%) | 20 (13.4%) | |
| Primary | 349 (72.6%) | 246 (74.1%) | 103 (69.1%) | |
| Secondary | 74 (15.4%) | 54 (16.3%) | 20 (13.4%) | |
| Postsecondary | 27 (5.6%) | 21 (6.3%) | 6 (4.03%) | |
| Occupation | <0.01 | |||
| Unemployed† | 74 (15.4%) | 55 (16.6%) | 19 (12.8%) | |
| Farmer/wage earner | 199 (41.4%) | 135 (40.7%) | 64 (43.0%) | |
| Small business/vendors | 158 (32.8%) | 121 (36.5%) | 37 (24.8%) | |
| Professional‡ | 50 (10.4%) | 21 (6.3%) | 29 (19.5%) | |
| Lifestyle practices | ||||
| Ongoing tobacco use | 50 (10.4%) | 34 (10.2%) | 16 (10.7%) | 0.87 |
| Ongoing alcohol use | 198 (41.2%) | 121 (36.4%) | 77 (51.7%) | 0.02 |
| Traditional medicine use | 272 (56.6%) | 196 (59.0%) | 76 (51.0%) | 0.10 |
| Self-reported medical history | ||||
| Diabetes | 61 (12.7%) | 29 (8.7%) | 32 (21.5%) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension | 134 (28.0%) | 62 (18.8%) | 72 (48.3%) | <0.01 |
| Stroke | 8 (1.7%) | 2 (0.6%) | 6 (4.0%) | 0.01 |
| Heart disease§ | 18 (3.7%) | 7 (2.1%) | 7 (4.7%) | 0.08 |
| Kidney disease | 14 (2.9%) | 10 (3.0%) | 4 (2.7%) | 0.84 |
*Other tribal ethnicities represented in our groups include Luguru, Kilindi, Kurya, Mziguwa, Mnyisanzu, Rangi, Jita, Nyambo, and Kaguru
†Includes housewives and students
‡Professional includes any salaried position (eg, nurse, teacher, government employee, etc) and retired persons
§Heart Disease includes coronary disease, heart failure, or structural diseases