Table 3.

Pathak-Wieten Stoicism Ideology Scale

Item	Domain	Original item number*
1. I expect myself to hide my aches and pains from others.	Stoic endurance	Q2
2. I don’t believe in talking about my personal problems.	Stoic taciturnity	Q3
3. I expect myself to manage my physical discomfort without complaining.	Stoic endurance	Q5
4. I believe I should experience strong emotions. [reverse code]	Stoic serenity	Q8
5. When the time for my death comes, I believe I should accept it without fear.	Stoic death indifference	Q12
6. I expect myself to hide my strong emotions from others.	Stoic taciturnity	Q13
7. I would prefer to be unemotional.	Stoic serenity	Q14
8. I expect myself to manage my own problems without help from anyone.	Stoic taciturnity	Q15
9. I believe my physical pain is best handled by just keeping quiet about it.	Stoic endurance	Q17
10. I would be very upset if I knew my death was coming soon. [reverse code]	Stoic death indifference	Q18
11. I expect myself to avoid feeling intense emotions.	Stoic serenity	Q20
12. I would not allow myself to be bothered by the fear of death.	Stoic death indifference	Q24

Authors were asked to rate Items on a 5-point scale: Disagree, Somewhat disagree, Not sure, Somewhat agree or Agree. See Methods section for scoring instructions.

*See online supplementary table 1: Technical Supplement.