Table 2. Associations by Race/Ethnicity of Demographic and Health Characteristics With Having Lost 6 or More Teeth, Hawai‘i Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Population, 2011–2014a .
| Characteristic | OR (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Japanese | Native Hawaiian | Filipino | Total | |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Male | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| Age group, y | |||||
| 25–54 | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| 55–64 | 3.7 (1.8–7.6) | 2.0 (0.5–7.9) | 3.0 (1.1–7.2) | 2.4 (1.0–6.2) | 2.6 (1.6–4.2) |
| ≥65 | 8.7 (4.4–17.1) | 8.1 (2.3–28.4) | 6.8 (2.7–17.0) | 4.0 (1.8–8.8) | 5.5 (3.6–8.5) |
| Education | |||||
| High school diploma or less | 4.5 (3.0–6.8) | 6.2 (3.6–10.7) | 3.4 (1.6–7.5) | 3.3 (1.6–7.2) | 4.8 (3.6–6.6) |
| Some college | 1.9 (1.3–2.9) | 2.5 (1.5–4.2) | 1.9 (0.8–4.6) | 1.3 (0.5–3.2) | 2.0 (1.5–2.8) |
| College graduate | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Marital status | |||||
| Never married | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Married or partner | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 2.1 (0.9–5.1) | 3.4 (1.1–10.6) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) |
| Divorced/separated | 2.6 (1.3–5.2) | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | 5.1 (1.5–17.7) | 5.0 (1.2–20.4) | 1.9 (1.1–3.3) |
| Widowed | 4.9 (2.4–10.0) | 1.4 (0.6–3.0) | 18.7 (6.3–54.9) | 7.5 (2.1–27.2) | 3.5 (2.1–5.9) |
| Annual income, $ | |||||
| ≤24,999 | 6.5 (3.9–10.7) | 7.1 (3.6–14.2) | 4.4 (1.3–15.5) | 4.7 (1.3–17.4) | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) |
| 25,000–49,999 | 4.1 (2.4–7.0) | 3.3 (1.9–5.6) | 2.5 (0.7–8.6) | 2.7 (0.7–10.8) | 3.3 (2.3–4.9) |
| 50,000–74,999 | 1.8 (1.1–3.2) | 2.4 (1.3–4.6) | 1.7 (0.5–6.5) | 2.3 (0.5–9.9) | 2.2 (1.4–3.3) |
| ≥75,000 | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Insurance | |||||
| Yes | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| No | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 1.2 (0.2–8.1) | 0.3 (0.1–1.3) | 0.5 (0.2–1.5) | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) |
| Metropolitan statistical area group | |||||
| City center | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Outside city center | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | 0.8 (0.5–1.5) | 0.9 (0.3–2.5) | 1.1 (0.4–3.0) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) |
| Not in metropolitan statistical area | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) |
| Dental visit in past year | |||||
| Yes | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| No | 3.1 (2.2–4.5) | 2.0 (1.3–3.2) | 2.9 (1.5–5.7) | 2.2 (1.1–4.2) | 2.5 (1.9–3.2) |
| Diabetes status | |||||
| No diabetes | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Prediabetes | 2.1 (1.3–3.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 2.9 (1.1–7.6) | 1.1 (0.5–2.6) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) |
| Diabetes | 4.2 (2.5–7.3) | 1.4 (0.8–2.3) | 3.9 (1.7–8.9) | 2.5 (1.1–5.6) | 2.4 (1.7–3.3) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)b | |||||
| Normal weight (18.5–4.9) | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) |
| Obese (≥30) | 1.7 (1.1–2.7) | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.5 (0.2–1.6) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
a
Analyses are unadjusted except for the total population, whose analysis was adjusted for ethnicity.
b
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2).