Table 2. Bivariate Associations of Maternal Gestational Weight Gain and Pre-Pregnancy BMI, by Asthma Diagnosis in Offspring by Age 4 Years, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort, United States, 2001–2005a .
| Maternal Exposures | All (n = 6,450) | Offspring Without Asthma (n = 5,350) | Offspring With Asthma (n = 1,100) | P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total gestational weight gain, mean (95% CI), kg | 12.9 (12.6–13.2) | 12.9 (12.6–13.2) | 13.1 (12.5–13.7) | .50 |
| Rate of weight gain in the second and third trimesters, mean (95% CI), kg/week | 0.44 (0.43–0.45) | 0.44 (0.43–0.45) | 0.46 (0.44–0.48) | .13 |
| Gestational weight gain per IOM recommendations, % (no.c) | ||||
| Inadequate | 30.2 (2,195) | 30.3 | 29.1 | .78 |
| Adequate | 26.2 (1,662) | 26.1 | 26.8 | |
| Excessive | 43.6 (2,615) | 43.5 | 44.1 | |
| Gestational weight gain, % (no.c) | ||||
| <5 kg | 22.0 (1,664) | 22.0 | 22.5 | .001 |
| 5–9 kg | 15.4 (1,061) | 15.2 | 16.6 | |
| 10–15 kg | 35.7 (2,217) | 36.0 | 34.0 | |
| 16–19 kg | 14.0 (805) | 14.7 | 10.3 | |
| 20–24 kg | 9.5 (536) | 9.2 | 11.3 | |
| ≥25 kg | 3.4 (189) | 3.0 | 5.3 | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, % (no.c), kg/m2 | ||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 4.1 (360) | 4.1 | 4.4 | <.001 |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 55.4 (3,672) | 56.4 | 49.8 | |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 25.3 (1,480) | 25.0 | 26.4 | |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 15.2 (960) | 14.5 | 19.5 | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, mean (95% CI), kg/m2 | 24.9 (24.8–25.1) | 24.8 (24.6–25.0) | 25.7 (25.2–26.2) | .005 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; IOM, Institute of Medicine. CI: confidence interval.
a
Analyses were weighted to account for attrition and oversampling of some groups. Sample sizes were unweighted and rounded to nearest 50 per data-use agreements.
b
Tests compared offspring with asthma to offspring without asthma; χ2 test performed on categorical variables and t test performed on continuous variables.
c
Unweighted sample sizes were reported for categorical variables in the total column only.