TABLE 1.
Elemental analysis of CFA and filtered CFA and TRPM8-OE activation by micron and nano mineral oxide particles
| % Abundance in CFA | hTRPM8 Activity (% 50 μM icilin) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Element |
CFA (<150
μm) |
Filtered (<0.22
μm) |
Particle |
≤200 nm |
>0.5
μm |
| Na | 4.01 | 2.18 | CFA | 46 ± 4* | 15 ± 4* |
| Mg | 1.96 | 0.00 | N.T. | N.T. | N.T. |
| Al | 22.0 | 0.00 | Al2O3 | N.D. | N.T. |
| Si | 45.6 | 0.00 | SiO2 | N.D. | N.D. |
| S | 1.61 | 0.00 | N.T. | N.T. | N.T. |
| K | 3.28 | 0.00 | N.T. | N.T. | N.T. |
| Ca | 12.1 | 97.8 | CaO | 120 ± 12* | N.T. |
| Ti | 2.00 | 0.00 | TiO2 | N.D. | 8 ± 2 |
| Fe | 7.47 | 0.00 | Fe2O3 | N.D. | 4 ± 4 |
| Ce | N.D. | N.D. | CeO2 | 1 ± 2 | N.T. |
| Ni | N.D. | N.D. | NiO | N.D. | N.D. |
| Zn | N.D. | N.D. | ZnO | 6 ± 7 | 2 ± 4 |
N.D., not detected; N.T., not tested.
*
Statistically different from vehicle controls (P < 0.05) using two-way ANOVA, and post-testing using the Bonferroni multiple comparisons test.