Table 1.
Participant Characteristics and Unadjusted Levels of Biomarkers in Women and Men
| Women | Men | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean | Mean | p-value |
| Number of subjects | 191 | 141 | |
| Age (SD) | 38.46 (11.77) | 37.13 (11.48) | 0.29 |
| Body mass index (SD) | 27.8 (7.83) | 29.26 (5.86) | 0.06 |
| Height (m) (SD) | 1.69 (0.067) | 1.71 (0.067) | <0.01 |
| Weight (kg) (SD) | 80.37 (22.94) | 85.02 (19.73) | <0.01 |
| Household size (SD) | 3.17 (1.44) | 3.28 (1.56) | 0.52 |
| Total annual income (SD) | 51965.2 (38004.28) | 57189.9 (39663.52) | 0.23 |
| Race | >0.99 | ||
| White (%) | 161 (86.91) | 124 (87.94) | |
| Black (%) | 17 (8.90) | 12 (8.51) | |
| Other (%) | 8 (4.19) | 5 (3.55) | |
| Cotinine (ng/mL) (SD) | 255.8 (138.07) | 313.5 (158.30) | <0.01 |
| 3′-Hydroxycotinine (ng/mL) (SD) | 121.1 (98.22) | 130.8 (114.16) | 0.40 |
| Cotinine +3′-Hydroxycotinine (mol/L) (SD) | 0.0675 (0.038) | 0.0787 (0.041) | 0.01 |
| Nicotine metabolite ratio (SD) | 0.475 (0.31) | 0.396 (0.25) | 0.01 |
| Mean puff volume (mL) (SD) | 44.77 (13.75) | 52.95 (15.11) | <0.01 |
| Mean puff duration (s) (SD) | 1.48 (0.41) | 1.65 (0.46) | <0.01 |
| Mean interpuff interval (s) (SD) | 26.49 (11.13) | 23.54 (9.0) | 0.02 |
| Mean puff flow (mL/s) (SD) | 32.71 (8.55) | 35.88 (9.44) | <0.01 |
| Peak puff flow (mL/s) (SD) | 47.76 (14.61) | 52.38 (16.83) | 0.01 |
| Mean puffs/cigarette (SD) | 11.6 (4.86) | 11.73 (4.13) | 0.83 |
| Total daily puffs (SD) | 110.5 (72.94) | 122.3 (84.03) | 0.19 |
| Puff volume/cigarette (mL) (SD) | 515.3 (232.37) | 609.7 (206.58) | 0.01 |
| Total daily puff volume (mL) (SD) | 4946.9 (3512.39) | 6341.3 (4282.63) | 0.02 |
| Cigarettes per day (SD) | 17.4 (7.91) | 15.92 (8.37) | 0.09 |
| Cigarette butt length (mm) (SD) | 0.795 (1.72) | 0.587 (0.42) | 0.62 |
| Menthol cigarette smokers (%) | 112 (56.28) | 76 (52.05) | 0.44 |
| Make your own cigarette smokers (%) | 34 (17.71) | 32 (22.70) | 0.26 |
| Age at onset of smoking (years) (SD) | 16.6 (4.32) | 17.11 (4.85) | 0.30 |
| Years smoked (SD) | 21.87 (12.20) | 20.02 (11.45) | 0.15 |
| FTND score (SD) | 4.22 (2.39) | 4.51 (2.15) | 0.24 |
| HONC score (SD) | 7.64 (1.92) | 6.87 (2.27) | <0.01 |
| Time to first cigarette (min) (SD) | 37.25 (75.08) | 24.38 (25.88) | 0.02 |
| Home smoking rules | |||
| Smoke usually inside (%) | 77 (40.1) | 53 (37.59) | 0.60 |
| Smoke usually outside (%) | 115 (59.41) | 88 (62.41) | |
| Workplace smoking rules | |||
| Smokes at work (%) | 94 (49.00) | 101 (71.63) | <0.01 |
| Doesn't smoke at work (%) | 30 (15.63) | 4 (2.84) | |
| Not applicable (%) | 69 (35.42) | 36 (25.53) |
FTND, fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence; HONC, hooked on nicotine checklist.